语言学中的语意研究幻灯片.pptVIP

* * Semantic Differential ? bagpipe ? 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 good _ __:___:_x_:___:___:___:___: bad hard ___:_x_:___:___:___:___:___: soft passive ___:___:___:___:___:___:_x_: active * Presuppositional Meaning collocative meaning ? Pretty Handsome girl boy woman man flower vessel garden car colour overcoat village airliner the king abdicated the maid gave notice the principal resigned * Evoked (dialect and register variation) * Sentence Semantics Proposition 命题: smallest unit of communication, unit of language which actually says something about something ? Independent of grammatical structure ? The burning city The burning of the city The city is burning * Two major types of proposition ? ·???????State ·??????? attributive: Jack is nice ·??????? classificatory It is a Labrador ·??????? locative It is inside the house ·??????? benefactive It has a collar around the neck ·??????? equative Jack is the owner of the dog ·??????? ? ·??????? Event ·??????? action ·??????? intransitive He jogs every morning ·??????? transitive He bought a house ·??????? experience and mental process: I saw the dog. ·??????? process The tree died. ? * * Studies of Meaning in Linguistics - with Special Reference to Chinese and English 语言学中的语意研究 2010 年 12 月 宁波大学 Professor Ping Chen 陈 平 School of Languages and Comparative Cultural Studies The University of Queensland, Australia * Pairing of form and meaning Form phonetic lexical grammatical, etc. Meaning * Language… gives structure to experience, and helps to determine our way of looking at things (Halliday 1970:143 * Major aspects of meaning in language Semantic Pragmatic Thematic (Information Structure) … … … … * Form always under-specifies, and und