计算机科学第11版英文版提纲精编.docVIP

Computer Science Outline Yang Zhao -Huaqiao University- -International School- -Echonomics- Chapter 1:Data storage 数据存储 1.1 Bits and their storage Bits and Bit Patterns位与位模式 1.Bit: Binary Digit (0 or 1) 2.Bit Patterns:are used to represent information. -Numbers -Text characters -Images -Sound -And others 1.1.1 Boolean Operation布尔运算(George Boolean) 1.Boolean Operation: An operation that manipulates one or more true/false values 2.Specific operations： -AND -OR -XOR (exclusive or) 异或 -NOT 1.1.2 Gates and Flip-Flops门和触发器 1.Gate: A device that computes a Boolean operation -Often implemented 应用as (small) electronic circuits 电路 -Provide the building blocks from which computers are constructed 为构造计算机提供基础条件 -VLSI (Very Large Scale Integration) 超大规模集成电路 （A pictorial representation of AND, OR, XOR, and NOT gates as well as their input and output values） 2.Flip-flop: A circuit built from gates that can store one bit. One input line is used to set its stored value to 1 One input line is used to set its stored value to 0 While both input lines are 0, the most recently stored value is preserved （A simple flip-flop circuit） （Setting the output of flip-flop to 1） 1.1.3 Hexadecimal Notation 1.Hexadecimal notation: A shorthand notation for long bit patterns Divides a pattern into groups of four bits each Represents each group by a single symbol Example:becomes A3 简便算法：例如：1011（二位制计数法）变为十六位制计数法表示 只需1*2^0+1*2^1+0*2^2+1*2^3=11→B 例如：0011（二位制计数法）变为十六位制计数法表示 只需1*2^0+1*2^1+0*2^2+0*2^3=3 1.2Main Memory主储存器（就是平时说的内存） 1.2.1 Memory organization 1.Cell(储存单元): A unit of main memory (typically 8 bits位 which is one byte字节) 2.Most significant bit: the bit at the left (high-order) end of the conceptual row of bits in a memory cell 3.Least significant bit: the bit at the right (low-order) end of the conceptual row of bits in a memory cell （The organization of a byte-size memory cell） 4.Address: A “name” that uniquely identifies one cell in the computer’s main