出口与外资对中国制造业结构转型升级的影响.pdf

摘要 制造业作为国家的战略产业和实现工业化的必备条件，标志着国家国际竞争 力的强弱。在经过30 多年的改革开放之后，我国已经成为工业大国，但尚未彻 底完成工业化过程。因此，要想成为工业强国，制造业的持续和健康快速发展至 关重要，而这又直接涉及到制造业结构的转型升级。出口和外资作为我国开放经 济的重要方面，是企业广泛参与国际市场的必然选择，两者相互作用，又渗透到 制造业各个行业之中，在这一过程当中必然有重要影响。因此，讨论制造业转型 升级的问题，必须考虑到出口和外资的影响。 本文通过对中国近几年的制造业出口和外资利用情况的现状描述，以及阐述 制造业结构转型升级的内涵，旨在分析出口和外商直接投资对中国制造业产业结 构转型升级的作用机制，并实证检验两者影响的性质和程度。通过对多个年份不 同行业数据的研究，验证制造业外资和工业制成品出口对资本和技术密集型行业 产值比重的影响。实证结果发现出口对制造业产业结构转型起到了积极作用，而 外资的作用不显著。 关键词: 出口；外资；制造业产业结构；转型升级 I ABSTRACT Manufacturing industry is a national strategic industry, and its highly development is the prerequisite to realize industrialization, at the same time it decides the our country’s position of the international division of labor in the process of economic globalization, China has become a powerful industrial country and is in the middle-late stage of industrialization. Under the background of knowledge economy era in the 21st century, the world economic integration makes the industry more competitive. Therefore, it is significant for our manufacturing to keep the sustained, rapid and healthy development, which directly relates to the transformation and upgrading of the manufacturing structure. Exports and foreign investment, as important aspects of open economy in our country, are the inevitable choice of enterprises to widely participate in the international market, they interact and permeate almost every industry. So we must consider the influence of exports and foreign investment when discussing the problem of transformation and upgrading of manufacturing industry. This article, by expounding the current situation of Chinese manufacturing exports in recent years, foreign capital utilization and the connotation of transformation and upgrading of industry structure, aims to analyze the export and foreign direct