动物生理学呼吸系统生理(下)课件.pptVIP

5.3.3 Transport of CO2 Carbon dioxide is stored in three forms in blood, in physical solution, as bicarbonate, and in combination with protein, as carbamino compound. ;二氧化碳的运输（Transportation of CO2;(1) Bicarbonate The greatest storage of CO2 in blood is the form of bicarbonate ion. CO2 is carried in plasma as dissolved CO2 and as bicarbonate and is carried inside red cell as dissolved CO2, bicarbonate, and carbaminohemoglobin. The formation of bicarbinte is extremely rapid because of the presence of carbonic anhydrase (CA), Hydrogen ion formed is buffered by hemoglobin, shifting the O2 equilibrium curve to the right, thus enhancing oxygen release. Because of the high intracellular concentration of bicarbonate, some bicarboonate is transported out into the plasma in exchange for plasma Cl-. ; ;碳酸氢盐形式的运输 Transport in bicarbonate pattern 特点：character: 反应可逆，但需酶的促助。 Reaction is reversible. But it need the help of enzyme. 结合或解离决定于CO2分压差。 Conjugation or dissociation is decided by partial pressure difference of CO2. 反应中伴有Cl－的转移。 There is the transfer of Cl－ in the reaction. ;The uncatalyzed rate of formation of bicarbonate is extremely slow. Thus, even though the majority of blood CO2 content is in the form of plasma HCO3-, the red cell has a very important role in the interconversion and buffering of the associated hydrogen ions. ( 2) Carbamino hemoglobin Some of the CO2 binds to protein in the blood. Almost all of this is in combination with hemoglobin in red cell. CO2 combines with amino groups of N-terminal valines on both theαand βchains: HbNH2O2+H++ CO2 ←→ HHbNHCOOH+O2 (3) Carbon dioxide dissociation (equilibrium) curve ;CO2解离曲线carbon dioxide dissociation curve;(4) The effect of O2 - Hb combination on CO2 transport CO2 binding cause an allosteric change in the hemoglobin molecule that decreases the oxygen affinity. Conversely, in the presence of elevated Po2 carbamino formation is decr