高级岩浆岩岩石学第八章岩浆起源和演化概念.ppt

1、岩浆起源：熔融与部分熔融;;二面角（ dihedral angle，?）与熔体分凝能力;-Increase T -Decrease P -Add Water;;Crustal Geothermal Gradients;convection in the mantle;（2）压力的作用 随压力增大，矿物的熔融温度增高； 热的地幔岩石会由于压力降低而发生熔融 例子：热点和洋中脊;（3）挥发份的作用：降低熔融温度 ;MORB 减压熔融;Mantle Plumes - “Hot” or “Wet” Spots?;Seismic Tomographic Image of Iceland Plume;Super Plumes?;Volatile Fluxing Mantle Wedge;Volatile Fluxing of Mantle Wedge;Downgoing Slab Crustal Melting;Primitive Mantle Melts vs. Remelting of the Lower Crust;;4、不同源区的产生的岩浆类型;二、岩浆演化（岩浆分异） （Differentiation of Magmas);火成岩成分的多样性;;;Plagioclase Differentiation Mechanisms;Magmatic Cross-Beds in Skaergaard Layered Intrusion;Crystal Fractionation of magmas as they rise; B. Flow segregation;Langmuir Model Thermal gradient at wall and cap ? variation in % crystallized Compositional convection ? evolved magmas from boundary layer to cap (or mix into interior);;;2、花岗岩浆同化混染作用;Assimilation; Gradational border zones between homogeneous igneous rock (light) and country rock (dark). After Compton (1962), Manual of Field Geology. ? R. Compton. ;Possible reactions;Magmatic Differentiation: Assimilation;;（三）岩浆混合作用;Basalt pillows accumulating at the bottom of a in granitic magma chamber, Vinalhaven Island, Maine; ;MagmaticDifferentiation:Magma Mixing;Mingling and mixing;Melt Inclusions in Quartz in Pantellerite;Harker diagram Smooth trends Model with 3 assumptions: 1 Rocks are related by FX 2 Trends = liquid line of descent=path of crystallization 3 The basalt is the parent magma from which the others are derived;;;;;岩石类型、岩浆过程与构造环境;大洋壳由玄武岩构成，而玄武岩来自软流圈上涌（降压）而产生的岩浆产物； 与大陆壳相比，洋壳较薄而更年轻，这是由于洋壳在洋脊缓慢形成而在俯冲带循环回地幔的结果； 大洋壳的平均年龄为~75Ma (范围为0－250Ma); ;大陆壳，相当于花岗闪长岩成分，必须至少经历两阶段岩浆事件才能产生： （1）地幔物质熔融产生镁铁质岩浆； （2）镁铁质岩浆分异产生花岗岩留下更富铁镁的堆积岩，或镁铁质岩浆重熔产生??岗质熔体和更富铁镁的残余； （3）富铁镁的堆积岩或残余再循环返回到地幔－拆沉作用或热剥蚀作用。