兰州大学物理科学与技术学院期末考试光学试题讲课.docVIP

兰州大学物理科学与技术学院期末考试 光学试题 （满分100分，时间120分钟） 班级_________ 姓名__________ 学号__________ 简答题（每小题10分，共40分） 写成矩形函数，圆域函数、sinc函数、delta函数、高斯函数的定义，并说明它们对应光学当中的什么物理量。 雨后彩虹、CD光盘、孔雀羽毛、蝴蝶翅膀当中的彩色各是运用什么光学原理形成的彩色？ 什么是数字全息？数字全息与光学全息有什么相同之处和不同之处？简述数字全息在工程方面的应用。 你了解的现代光学的前沿进展是有哪些？举两个例子说明其在光学工程或者是现代物理学前沿方面的应用。 计算题（每小题20分，共60分） 如图所示，虚物会聚于P点，现在图示位置加上一厚度均匀的透明玻璃片，玻璃片的折射率为n=1.5，此时光线会聚于P’点。求玻璃片的厚度t。 一光栅每毫米有250条刻线，光栅的长度是4mm，已知光栅的透光部分是不透光部分的2倍。现有波长为560nm和560.6nm的两种单色光垂直入射到光栅上，衍射光通过一个透镜来会聚，透镜的焦距为1m，求 中央峰内主极大的数目； 第1级衍射光谱中两种波长的光分开的距离； 能否在第二级光谱中分辨出两种波长的光？ 强度为I0的光照射到如图所示的衍射屏，求通过衍射屏的光是光这个角度一般是入射光矢量与光轴夹角，用来分解o光，e光的。不清楚你的问题是什么角。非相干照明条件下薄透镜成像系统的截止频率是相干照明条件下系统的2倍， 即非相干照明条件下能通过薄透镜到达像面的频率成分更高。试证明上述结论。 英语能力测试题（共40分） 科技文献翻译（满分40分） Seeing inside the living cells Texting has long been bemoaned (哀叹）as the downfall of the written word,””penmanship for illiter,”as one critic called it. To which the proper response is LOL. Texting properly isnt writing at all. Its a “spoken” language that is getting richer and more complex by the year. First,some historical perspective. Writing was only invented 5,500 years ago. whereas Ianguage probably traces back at least 80.000 years. Thus talking came first; writing is just a craft that came along later. As such, the first writing was based on the way people talk，with short sentences. However, while talking is largely subconscious and rapid, writing is deliberate and slow, Over time,writers took advantage of this and started cratting long-winded sentences such as this one:The whole engagement lasted above 12 hours, till the gradual retreat of the Per trsians was changed into a disorderly flight, of which the shameful example was given by the principal leaders and……” No one talks like that casually — or should. But it is natural to desire to do so for special occasions. In the old days, we didn’t much write like talking because there was no mechanism to reproduce the speed of conversation. But texting and instant messaging do — and a revolution has begun. It involves the crude m