非谓语动词教程.docVIP

PAGE   PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 50 非谓语动词 Part I 语法讲析 什么是非谓语动词 阅读下列句子，用“___”标出句子的非谓语动词。用“___”表示出谓语动词。 A. We should prevent the air from being polluted. B. He gave us some advice on how to learn English. C. The funds raised are mainly used for helping the homeless. D. Do you hear all those different birds singing in the park? 定义：非谓语动词也叫非限定动词或动词的非谓语形式。其形式包括：动名词、不定式和分词（现在分词和过去分词）。非谓语动词除了不能独立充当谓语外，可以充当句子的任何成分。 关于非谓语动词有三个重点内容：一、非谓语动词充当句子成分，二、非谓语动词有时态和语态的变化，三、考察非谓语动词的逻辑主语。这都是本章的重点讲解内容，要求掌握。 I. 非谓语动词之不定式 1. 不定式在句子中的语法功能 观察下面各句，思考动词不定式在句子中的作用，并把相应的句子的序号填入到表格中。 1. He pretended to be reading attentively when I came in. 2. It is of great help for us to learn English well. 3. I didn’t expect Mary to invite me to her birthday party. 4. She listens to news every day so as to find out what’s going on. 5. One needs just three things to be truly happy in this world—someone to love, something to do and something to hope for. 6. The important thing in life is to have a great aim, and the determination to attain it. 7. He is considered to be the best player this year. 8. To know the theory is one thing; to put it into practice is another. 9. Do you consider it wise to ignore him? 10. The father will be proud for his son to win the game. =The father will be proud if his son wins the game. 11. The soldiers are to fight to the last. 12. To talk with you was very enjoyable.  不定式用法例句主语1. 不定式做主语通常表示具体动作或意义。 2. 不定式作主语常用it 作形式主语。It’s important (useful, necessary…) for sb. to do sth. 宾语1. 不定式表示某个具体动作。 2. want, hope, agree, pretend, appear等词后跟不定式作宾语。know, decide, understand等动词后还可跟疑问词+不定式。 3. 用it作形式宾语代替不定式，而把不定式放在补足语之后。表语1. 说明主语的内容； 2. 用于正式的指示或命令。定语多位于它所修饰的名词之后，表示它们可以如何处置和使用。如果不定式动词是不及物动词，需要在其后加相应的介词。状语不定式及其短语作状语，通常表示目的, 结果，条件，原因等等。补语1. 作宾语补足语是用来说明宾语是什么，做了什么，要做什么。 句式结构: want, advise, allow, forbid+宾语+to do…; see, hear+宾语+do…; 2. 作主语补足语：句式结构: 主语+be said/reported /believed/considered to do… 宾补___ 主补___2. 不定式的逻辑主语 1) 何谓逻辑主语 在英语中，逻辑主语是针对非谓语动词来说的。