电磁场与电磁波第9讲静电问题的解法-wb.ppt

Field and Wave Electromagnetics 电磁场与电磁波;Main topic 4. Solution of Electrostatic Problems; The relationship between the electric potential V and the electric field intensity E is;The differential equation for the electric potential is; Poisson’s equation states that the Laplacian (the divergence of the gradient) of V equals –?/? for a simple medium, where ? is the permittivity of the medium (which is a constant) and ? is the volume charge density of free charges. Operator, ?2 , the Laplacian operator, which stands for “the divergence of the gradient of,” or “???”. Since both divergence and gradient operations involve first-order spatial derivatives. Poisson’s equation is a second-order partial differential equation that holds at every point in space where the second-order derivatives exist. ;In Cartesian coordinates:;边值问题 研究方法;Example 1.一维泊松方程的解;Solution:;4. 特解（带入边界条件求解未知系数） ;;Example 2. The inner conductor of radius a of a coaxial cable is held at a potential of V0 while the outer conductor of radius b is grounded Determine (a)the potential distribution between the conductors (b)the electric field intensity (c)the charge density on the inner conductor (d)the capacitance of the per unit length;Choose an appropriate coordinate system for the given geometry 2. Governing equation for problems and boundary condition.;4.特解（带入边界条件求解未知系数） ;;;Example 3 The upper and lower conducting plates of a large parallel-plate capacitor are separated by a distance d and maintained at potentials V0 and 0 respectively. A dielectric slab of dielectric ?r constant and uniform thickness 0.8d is placed over the lower plate. E and D ?;(1)?? 求解区域：平行板电容器之间的区域 (2)?? 分区：由于填充两种介质，因此场量在分界面上会 发生突变，因此，分成两个子区域 (3)?建立坐标系：竖直向上为y轴方向，建立坐标系 (4) 场分布分析：在两种介质中都是匀强电场，电位V只是随高度y的变化而变化 V(y)，而与x，z无关， (5)?写出场方程与边界条件：待求量是两个区域的电位V1 、V2 ，场方程：泊松方程（有源）or拉普拉斯方程（无源） ;区域1： 区域2： ;? 写出通解：;;y;uniqueness theorem: means that a solution of Poisson’s equation (of which Laplace’s equation is a spe