语法系列复习专题十----虚拟语气、倒装句型.docVIP

PAGE 12 PAGE 7 语法系列复习专题十虚拟语气、倒装句型 虚拟语气 虚拟语气是通过特殊的谓语动词形式来表达的愿望、假设、怀疑、猜测或建议等语气，它不表示客观存在。 虚拟语气在单句中的用法 常用来表示祝愿、采用固定的倒装句式。例如： Long live the People?s Republic of China!中华人民共和国万岁！ May you be happy! 快乐！ 祝你 have a good time! 玩得愉快！ succeed! 成功！ make progress! 进步！ 二、虚拟语气在复合句中的用法： 在非真实性条件句与主句中的用法 表示与现在事实相反 条件从句主句一般过去时（be多用于were）would/should/could/might＋动词原形例如：If I were you,I should accept the invitation. 如果我是你，我会接受邀请的。 If I had time,I would go there. 如果我有空，我就去那儿。 与过去事实相反 条件从句主句过去完成时would/should/could/might＋have done 例如：If you had come earlier,you couldn?t/wouldn?t have missed the bus. 如果你早点来，你就不会错过那辆公共汽车了。 If he had seen you yesterday,he would have returned your book. 如果他昨天见到了你，他就会还你的书的。 与将来事实可能相反 条件从句主句一般过去时（be多用were） should do,were to dowould/should/could/might＋动词原形 例如：If it should rain/were to rain/rained tomorrow,the sports meet would be put off.万一明天下雨，运动会就推迟。（事实上明天下雨的可能性不大。） If you dropped/should drop/were to drop the glass,it would break. 万一杯子掉下来会打碎的。 if的省略 如果条件句中有were,had,should 等助动词，可将if省略，而把were,had或should 置于句首,来表达以if引导的条件句的相同意思。 例如：Should it rain/were it to rain tomorrow,the sports meet would be put off./Had he seen you yesterday,he would have returned your book. 5)条件句或主句的省略 当有上下文或上下句中的语言环境暗示的时候，表示虚拟语气的从句或主句往往可以省略，以避免重复。 例如：——Why didn?t you attend the party yesterday? ——I would/should have,but I was too busy then. I was surprised that you didn?t like this job.You could have done it better.（后面省略了if you had liked it.） 6)混合时间条件句与主句 条件句与主句的动作发生的时间有先后之差，应按各自动作时间搭配好相应的结构形式。 例如：If the teacher hadn?t been ill yesterday,who could give us a lecture now?/If you had reviewed the lesson,you would answer the question now. 7)含蓄条件句与主句 即用without(＝but for),or(else)代替if从句。 例如：Without/But for his help,we wouldn?t have made such great progress. there hadn?t been