海水的物理性质资料.pptVIP

Review;§2 海水的物理性质Physical Properties of Sea Water;2.1 Water;Hydrogen;Hydrogen Bonds–polar molecules give water a structure that is responsible for a number of unique and important properties ;?? 溶解力强：水分子有很强的极性 ;密度变化异常;;沸点(boiling point)和融点(melting point)、比热(specific heat)、蒸发潜热(latent heat of vaporization)等热性质比氧的同族化合物高 ;2.2 温度、盐度和密度的概念及关系Temperature, Salinity and Density;Temperature distribution in California coastal area;;2.2.1 Temperature;2.2.2 Salnity;99% of all the salt ions in the sea are sodium (Na+), chlorine (Cl-), sulfate (SO4-2), Magnesium (Mg+2), calcium (Ca+2) and potassium (K+). ;Definition of Salinity;Principle of constant proportion states that the absolute amount of salt in sea water varies, but the relative proportions of the ions is constant. Because of this principle, it is necessary to test for only one salt ion, usually chlorine, to determine the total amount of salt present.;1) 传统的盐度定义(1902)：??? 1kg海水中将(Br-,I-)以氯置换，碳酸盐分解为氧化物,有机物全部氧化,所余固体物质的总克数。(480度加热48小时） ??? 利用海水组成恒定性，测定出其中某一主要成分的含量，便可推算出海水盐度。;Salinity Based on Chlorinity;电导温度Salinity Based on Conductivity(1969);Salinity is presented as numbers (dimensionless) but may find different terms: psu (practical salinity units) gram/kilogram gram/liter o/oo;Measuring Salinity;密度（Density）：单位体积物体的质量;st (sigma-t)(条件密度): Shorthand method of expressing the density of a sample of seawater at atmospheric pressure as determined by its in situ temperature and salinity st = (r - 1000) kg/m3;The effect of Pressure;The effect of Temperature;The effect of Salinity ;Table 4.4 When S is constant and greater than 24.7, the density decreases as T increases When T is constant, the density increases with increasing S;The density of seawater is greater than the density of freshwater because seawater contains dissolved salts. The density of pure water at 3.98°C, or approximately 4°C, is 1.0 g/cm3. The density of seawater of average salinity is about 1.0278 g/cm3. Because of this, fresh water will float on ocea