奈达动态对等翻译理论.pptVIP

奈达 “动态对等”翻译理论;一、奈达主要翻译理论简述; （1）语言共性论(Language Universality) （2）翻译信息论(Message of Translation) （3）读者反映论(Theory of Readers Response) （4）动态对等论(Dynamic Equivalence);（1）语言共性论(Language Universality);（2）翻译信息论(Message of Translation);（3）读者反映论(Theory of Readers Response);（4）动态对等论(Dynamic Equivalence);一）“动态对等”理论(Dynamic Equivalence)的提出背景;1）结构主义语言学—成分分析( Componential Analysis) Semantic Componential Analysis semantic features semantic component distinctive features man= [+HUMAN][+MALE][+ADULT] woman=[+HUMAN][+FEMALE][+ADULT] b. Syntactic Componential Analysis (NP,VP,PP…) ;2) Chomsky —— “转换生成语法” (Transformational—Generative Grammar) 句法部分： a.基础部分(a base) 描写语言的基本结构生成深层结构(deep structure) b.转换部分 (a transformation part) 将深层结构再转换成表层结构(surface structure) eg：Will the train arrive? → The train will arrive. ｛Inversion → Will the train arrive? transformation｝ ; 交际功能;二）“动态对等”理论的内涵;Translating consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source-language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style. — Eugene A. Nida ;“功能对等”理论的三个部分： 1）抛弃传统的词性概念（parts of speech) 实体(object) : book, women, ghost 事件 (event) : go, love, talk 抽象概念(abstract) : green, slowly, often 关系(relations) : conjunctions, prepositions the beauty of her singing her beautiful singing environmentally damaging waste 词性转换法——conversion ; 2）用核心句（kernel sentences)和句型转换的概念克服句法障碍 核心句即最简单的句子。 7种简单的核心句 重建译入语的表层结构 （按照译入语的习惯，将核心句连接来) ; There is something I must say to my people who stand on the warm threshold which leads into the palace of justice. There is something. I must say something (to my people). My people stand ( on the warm threshold). The threshold is warm. The threshold leads ( into the palace). The palace is of justice.;逆转换翻译理论（Back Transformation);3）用同构体（isomorphism）概念解释社会文化