高考英语一轮复习：法讲解——情态动词【必备】.docVIP

情态动词　　概述：情态动词表示说话人的情感态度。它有一定的实在词义（如：能、会、可能、以前、最好、宁愿），只有谓语特性，必须和其他动词一起构成谓语。　　中学阶段常见的情态动词：　　情态动词：?can(could)? may(might)? must? will(would)? shall? should? ought to? had better? would rather? need? dare　　与情态动词相关的短语：be able to??? have to? used to情态动词的固定谓语结构：情态动词+（不带to）动词不定式形式do　　例如：?　　must? + be done　　must + be doing　　must + have done　　must + have been done　　must + have been doing　　注意：ought (to)和used ( to)例外，动词不定式要带上”to”　　　　一、情态动词的用法：　　1．can?　　1）表示能力“能够，会”　　She can drive, but she can’t ride a bicycle.　　Can you give me a lift to the station?　　2）表示对现在动作或状态进行主观的猜测“可能、会”，或表示惊异，怀疑，不相信等态度，主要用在否定句、疑问句或感叹句中。例如：　　He can’t have a lot of money.??　　Can it be that it was I, not he, who was mistaken? ?　　How can you be so careless!?　　3）表示客观可能性“可能”，可用于肯定句　　As a human being, anyone can make a mistake.　　The temperature can fall to -60°C that is 60°C below freezing.　　4）表示允许“可以”，意思与may 相近，主要用在口语中　　Can I have a look at your copy of China Daily?　　This sort of thing can’t go on .　　5）构成下列特殊句式：　　①cannot /can never …too … 或 cannot …enough越…越好；非常．．．．．．　　One cannot be too careful.?　　I cannot thank you enough.?　　You can’t praise him too highly.　　②cannot help doing …/cannot help but do …/cannot but do …禁不住；不由得；不得不　　I cannot help admiring the picture whenever I look at it.　　When a close friend dies, you cannot but feel sad.　　　　2. could?　　1)表示能力,指的是过去时间　　In those days few workers could support their family .　　I couldn’t follow the teacher in class.　　2)表示允许,指的是过去时间　　She asked whether she could take the books out of the reading-room.　　3)表示可能,可以指过去时间;也可以指现在时间,表示语气缓和　　I didnt think the story could be true.　　But you mustn’t smoke while you’re walking around in the bush either. You could start a fire.　　He looks young .He couldn’t be over fifty .他看起来很年轻,他不可能超过五十岁.　　4)比较委婉客气地提出问题或陈述看法,指的是现在时间　　Could I see your license?　　I have a few friends. I could ring to see if they’re free .??　　　　Can(could)与be able to?　　Can (could)和be able to表示能力时意思上没有区别.但can 只有现在式和过去式