物理性能-lecture1-磁性概述.ppt

材料科学与工程导论-IIPhysical Properties and Functional Materials （材料物理性能和功能材料）;Course introduction;About your report (课程论文): must in formal paper style;Properties of Materials;Physical Properties and Functional Materials;Outline;Term Magnet comes from the ancient Greek city of Magnesia, at which many natural magnets were found. Pliny the Elder (23-79 AD Roman) wrote of a hill near the river Indus that was made entirely of a stone that attracted iron. Known in China and Europe -800 BC;Lodestone;History;;A quantitative relationship between a changing magnetic field and the electric field created by the change;Henry’s work: a lesson!;Magnetic Dipoles（磁偶极子）;Basic concepts;Basic concepts;Origin of Magnetism of Matter;Origin of Magnetism of Matter;原子核的磁矩仅有电子磁矩的1/1836.5。 Electronic orbital magnetic moment (电子轨道磁矩)： l：轨道角量子数, 波尔磁子?B=9.2732?10-24 A/m2 轨道磁矩在外磁场方向的投影: ?l,H=ml??B ml: 角动量方向量子数或磁量子数=0,?1, ?2,… ?l Electronic spin magnetic moment (电子自旋磁矩)： s：自旋量子数， s=?1/2; ms: 自旋角动量方向量子数= ?1/2 自旋磁矩在外磁场方向的投影: ?s,H=2ms??B= ? ?B;Recall: 四个量子数;Magnetization and polarization (磁化强度和磁极化强度);Basic concepts;B, H, M and J relationships and Magnetic Susceptibility（磁化率）;Various Magnetism (物质磁性分类);Various Magnetic Materials;Diamagnets have no net magnetic moment on their atoms, because the electrons are all paired with antiparallel spins. The susceptibility, ? is negative. It does not change much with temperature When a diamagnetic material is placed near a magnet, it will be repelled from the region of greater magnetic field. Examples : People and frogs are diamagnetic.?Metals such as Bi, Cu, Au, Ag and Pb, as well as many nonmetals such as water, inert gases and most organic compounds are diamagnetic.;? is positive,10-3~10-6 Very high fields to saturate magnetization When a paramagnetic material is placed near a magnet, it will be attracted to the region of greater magnetic field, like a ferromagnetic material. The difference is that the att