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PAGE  PAGE 14 第一章 词类 §1.1 冠词 有以下三种可能性（只能根据汉语的表达习惯来确定，即要采用“试探法”） 1、译法： （1）必须译出来（2）不得译出来（3）可译可不译 The unit of electric current is the ampere.电流的单位是安培。 A table is generally made of wood.桌子一般是有木头做成的。 An example follows. [ = Here is an example.]下面举个例子。 The proof of the theorem（定理）is difficult.该定理的证明是很困难的。 2、? 冠词的基本使用原则 （1）可数名词单数前一定要有冠词 （2）特指的或上面已提到过的名词前要有定冠词 如果把电压加到电路的两端，在电路中就会有电流流动。 If a voltage is applied across（two ends of）a circuit, an electric current will flow in the circuit. 工程师能创造以前从来没有过的东西。 An engineer [Engineers] can create what has never existed before [things that have never existed before; something that has never been available before]. 3、位置 （1）正常位置：处在名词短语的最开头。 （2）特殊位置:① 定冠词② 不定冠词★ all /both/half the + 名词 ① 定冠词 这里的飞机都是从国外进口的。 All the aircraft here were imported from abroad [from foreign countries]. How/so/too/as a / an +形容词+单数名词 ② 不定冠词★ 中国具有数倍于法国（France）那么大的面积（area）。 [要求：把“中国”作为主语，“具有”为谓语，并使用“as … 名词 as”句型] China has several times as large an area as France (does). China has an area several times as large as France (does). China has an area several times as large as that of France (is). China has an area which is several times that of France (is). 这是一只如此灵敏的（sensitive）安培表（ammeter）以至于它能测出电流的微弱变化。 This is so sensitive an ammeter that it can measure the slight change in/of current. 必须确定为提起这块石头需要一个多大的力。 It is necessary to determine how large a force is required [needed; necessary] to lift this stone. 感叹句中也会出现不定冠词的特殊位置： 这是一台多好的仪器啊！ How good an instrument (it is)! What a good instrument (it is)! What an important instrument is one that adequately（适当地）displays the Fourier transform of a function of time, even when the interval of integration is not infinity（无穷大）！ 4、 不定冠词的特殊用法 在某些不可数名词前，英美人习惯用不定冠词（我们应善于观察），特别是当表示“……一下”或“作一……”时。如： An increase in pressure always causes a decrease in volume. 压力的增加总会引起压力的缩小。 We shall start with a study of forces. 我们首先来研究一下各种力。 This section mak