西方古典文化01课时课件.pptVIP

Lecture 1;I. Course plan;2.?Contents Greek culture, Roman culture, and Christian culture 3. Way of teaching Lectures: providing essential background knowledge on classical Western culture;4. Assignments Read reference materials from the internet Write a term paper 5. Final examination (1)??Multiple choice (30%) (2)?Fill in the blanks (30%) (3)?Questions and answers (40%);II. Nature;;;1. What is nature?The whole universe (cosmos);Nature includes all the things (living and dead), such as: fire, water, grass, trees, birds, animals, and man except those made by man.;Fire and water have energy, but no life.;Grass and trees have life, but no sense.;Birds and animals have sense but no righteousness.;Man, however, has all of them: energy, life, sense and also righteousness. So man is the most valuable under Heaven.;2. Man and animal;Similarities: Both have life instinct and death instinct (food and sex).;;;;Both are aware of their presence, and can show concern about the things surrounding them. ;;Both can adapt to their natural surroundings (sometimes even harsh reality). ;;Differences: Man can make tools, improve and change his surroundings but animal can’t.;;;;Man can control his emotion, and life instinct with his power of reason and rationality, but animal can’t.;Man can think, can imagine (or day dream), aspire and idealize what they cannot get in their daily reality (that is, to see something beyond the presence), but animal can’t.;;Man has a world, but animal doesn’t.;;;Body and soul Man starts to divide himself into two parts: one is body; the other is soul. Soul lives in the body but can also leave the body and exists independently. Soul’s transmigration;;The idea of Animism (泛灵论) A key to open the door of imagination in ancient primitive people;;3. Man and nature Man as slave to nature, being blind and submissive to the rules of nature;;Man as master of nature, trying to change nature for his own benefit;;Man as friend to nature, being aware of its rules an