铜矿排土场重金属释放规律及其对地下水的污染风险.docVIP

作者简介：邹文佳(1990-)，女，汉，吉林吉林人，硕士研究生，研究方向：土壤与地下水污染。 铜矿排土场重金属释放规律及其对地下水的污染风险 邹文佳 张淇翔 石林 苗亦新 （中国矿业大学环境与测绘学院 江苏 徐州 221116） 摘要：金属矿山的排土场、尾矿库由于含有大量的重金属，在长期的风化、淋溶作用下缓慢释放，从而污染土壤与地下水。本文对江西某铜矿排土场、尾矿库、疏干井排水口淤泥进行了取样测试。浸出毒性判别结果表明排土场土壤、尾矿砂及淤泥为不具有浸出毒性的危险废物，但浸出液浓度超过《地下水质量标准》中= 3 \* ROMANIII类水标准，尤其是铜、铅、镉元素超标严重，对地下水环境构成威胁。重金属释放实验显示，随时间增加重金属释放量也增加，酸性降水条件下重金属释放量明显高于中性条件。因此，为避免土壤及地下水受到污染，应采取控制与修复措施。 关键词：排土场；尾矿库；重金属；地下水污染；铜矿 Release Rules and Groundwater Contamination Risk of Heavy Metals from Dump of Copper Mine ZOU Wen-jia ZHANG Qi-xiang SHI Lin MIAO Yi-xin (School of Environmental Science and Spatial Informatics,China University of Mining and Technology,Jiangsu,Xuzhou 221116,China) Abstract: Waste dump and tailings of metal mine contain large amounts of heavy metals. Heavy metals will release slowly in the long-term weathering and leaching. Thus, they contaminated the soil and groundwater. In this paper, dump, tailings and sludge nearby drain of dewatering wells were sampled and tested. The results of leaching toxicity discrimination showed that, the soil of dump, tailing sands and sludge were not toxic and hazardous waste. But the concentration of leachate exceeded groundwater quality standards in the Class III water standards. Especially Cu, Pb and Cd exceeded seriously. They will threat to the environment of groundwater. The experiment of release of heavy metals showed that, release of heavy metals increase with time. Release of heavy metals under acidic precipitation condition was significantly higher than the neutral condition. Therefore, to avoid the contamination of soil and groundwater, control and remedial measures should be taken. Keywords: dump; tailings; heavy metals; groundwater pollution; copper mine 土壤重金属污染对生态系统及人体健康构成严重威胁，成为当前迫切需要解决的环境问题[1]。与其他污染物不同，重金属化学形态在不同的化学条件下会发生转化，不能被生物降解，在地球化学链及食物链中循环转移[2]。重金属元素来自不同的污染源，其中，矿产资源开发利用是重金属污染的主要来源之一[3]。我国国有矿山企业每年产生固体废物133.8亿t，废石107.3亿t，尾矿26.5亿t，治理量却不到20%[4]。有学者对铁矿尾矿库及周边土壤进行野外调查分析得出结论，尾矿库重金属含量高于周边土壤，对当地土壤及地下水环境构成威胁[5]，铜、铅、锌矿尾矿库中尾矿砂中