土木工程专业英语课后题汇总.doc

 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 14 英译汉 Lesson One Sandcrete is a yellow-white building material made from Portland cement and sand in a ratio of circa 1:8.It is the main building material for walls of single-storey buildings (such as houses and schools)in countries such as Ghana and Nigeria. Measured strengths fo commercially available Sandcrete blocks in Nigeria were found to be between 0.5 and 1 N/mm,which is well below the 3.5 N/mm that is legally required there. This may be due to the need of the manufacturers to keep the price low,and since the main cost-factor is the Portland cement, they reduce that, which results in a block that starts behaving more like loose sand. 翻译：sandcrete是黄白色建筑材料制成的波特兰水泥和沙子的比例大约1: 8.it是主要的建筑墙体材料的单层建筑（如房屋和学校）在加纳和尼日利亚等国家。测量优势的商用sandcrete块在尼日利亚被发现之间的0.5和1牛顿/毫米，这是远远低于3.5牛顿/毫米，是法律所要求的有。这可能是由于需要的厂家保持价格低，因为主要cost-factor是波特兰水泥，他们减少，从而在一块，开始表现得更像松砂。 Lesson Two By definition, the compressive strength of a material is that value of uniaxial compressive stress reached when the material fails completely. The compressive strength is usually obtained experimentally by means of a compressive test. The apparatus used for this experiment is the same as that used in a tensile test. However, rather than applying a uniaxial tensile load, a uniaxial compressive load is applied. As can be imagined, the specimen (usually cylindrical )is shortened as well as spread laterally. In general, compressive strengths are usually greater than tensile strengths.An example of a material with a much higher compressive strength than tensile strength is concrete. Ceramics typically have a much higher compressive strength than tensile strength. Composite materials tend to have higher tensile strengths than compressive strengths. One such example is glass fiber epoxy matrix composite. 根据定义，材料抗压强度是价值的单轴压应力达到材料时完全失败。抗压强度通常是获得实验的方式压缩试验。该仪器用于本实验所使用的相同的拉伸试验。然而，而不是采用单轴拉伸，单轴压缩载荷应用。可以想像，标本（通常圆柱形）缩短，以及横向蔓延。一般来说，通常是更大的抗压强度比抗拉强度。例材料的抗压强度远大于其抗拉强度是混凝土。陶瓷通常具有抗压强度远大于其抗拉强度。复合材料往往有较高的拉伸强度比抗压强度。其中一