第 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 55 页 共 NUMPAGES \* MERGEFORMAT 55 页
高考英语语法重点归纳
一、名词
【知识精讲】
名词是表示人,事物,地点或抽象概念的名称的词。
专有名词表示某个(些)人,地方,机构等专有的名称,如Beijing,China等普通名词可数
名词个体名词表示某类人或东西中的个体,如:gun集体名词表示若干个个体组成的集合体,如:family不可数名词物质名词表示无法分为个体的实物,如:air抽象名词表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念,如:work
一、 名词的数
在熟悉可数名词单数变复数规则的基础上,突出以下几点:
1. 以s结尾,仍为单数的名词(多为学科名词), 如:
physics, linguistics, mathematics, politics, statistics, news , the United States
2. 抽象名词表示具体或特定的事例时也可作可数名词,单数前面应有不定冠词。如:(1) pleasure, surprise, help, success, failure, danger, difficulty, wonder等意为“...的人 / 物”。
如:The meeting is a success.
(2) worry, honor, disaster, rain, snow, fog, wind, gas, fire, crop, coffee, tea, food等不可数名词,指“一种”、“一场”及“多种”、“多场”时,可以有其单、复数形式。如:There have been strong winds over the last two months.
(3) a need, a discovery, a love, a good time, a collection of, a knowledge of, a history of, a population of, an area of, an understanding of等已形成固定形式。如:He has a good practical knowledge of computer science.
3. 表示一类事物的总称的名词,不能加-s ,如:
machinery, furniture, equipment, technology, luggage, baggage, homework, evidence
4. 一些名词单数和复数形式表达不同的意思,如:
chicken鸡肉 / chickens小鸡; fish鱼肉 / fishes( fish )各种鱼; paper纸 / papers试卷; water水 / waters水域,room空间/ rooms房间
5. 只有复数形式的名词,如:
glasses (眼镜),trousers, clothes,scissors等,注意加单位名词的用法:a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers
6. 一些名词形式上虽是单数,但表示的是复数含义,如:
people , police, cattle, staff, public, the +adj., the + 分词;(表示一类人)
7. 以复数形式出现,表达复数含义,如:
belongings, surroundings, earnings, savings, shoes, socks, goods, thanks, congratulations, funds, pains, arms, troops
8. 集合名词看成一个整体时,谓语用单数,若侧重各个成员,则用复数,如:
audience,class,couple,crowd,family,group,government,public
The average family is a great deal smaller than it used to be.
My family are going with me.
9. 单复数同形的名词,如:
fish, deer, sheep, youth, Chinese, Japanese, means, species, crossroads, series, works, li(里), yuan(元), mu(亩)等
How many deer
原创力文档

文档评论(0)