柴油机常见机械故障现象和处理方法.doc

柴油机常见机械故障现象和处理方法柴油机发生故障前，一般其转速、声音、排气、水温、机油压力等方面会表现出某种异常迹象，即故障预光特征。所以操作人员应根据预兆的特征迅速做出正确判断，果断采取措施，避免事故发生。汽车维修养护网 1、捣缸故障预兆特征捣缸属破坏性较大的机械故障，除气门落缸引起捣缸外，大多是由于连杆螺栓松退引起的，连杆螺栓松退或拉伸后，连杆轴承配合间隙增大，这时在曲轴箱部位可听到“嗒嗒”的敲击声，敲击声由小变大，最后连杆螺栓完全脱落或折断，连杆及轴承盖甩出，打破机体及有关零件。 处理措施：立即停机检修，更换新件。 2、烧瓦故障预兆特征柴油机工作中转速突然降低，负荷加重，发动机冒黑烟，机油压力下降，曲轴箱内发生“唧唧”的干摩擦声。 处理措施：立即停机，拆盖检查连杆轴瓦，查明原因，维修更换。 3、断轴故障预兆特征当柴油机曲轴轴颈轴肩处因疲劳产生隐性裂纹时，故障征兆尚不明显，随着裂纹的扩大加重，发动机曲轴箱内发出沉闷的敲击声，转速变化时敲击声加重，发动机冒黑烟，不久，敲击声逐渐增大，发动机产生抖动，曲轴断裂，随即熄火。 处理措施：发现预兆立即停机检查，发现裂纹应及时更换曲轴。 4、“飞车”故障预兆特征“飞车”前，柴油机一般都会出现冒蓝烟、烧机油或转速不稳现象。 处理措施：一是关油门停止供油，并踏下制动器；二是堵塞进气管，切断空气的进入；三是迅速松开高压油管停止供油；四是车用柴油机行走中可用高挡重负荷（制动），使发动机因扭气不足而熄火。 5、粘缸故障预兆特征粘缸一般在柴油机严重缺水的情况下发生，粘缸前发动机运转无力，水温表指示超过100℃，往机体上滴几滴冷水，有“嘶嘶”的响声，并冒白烟，水滴很快蒸发。 处理措施：怠速运转一段时间或熄火摇转曲轴帮助冷却，使水温降至40℃左右，再缓慢加入冷却水。注意不要立即加冷却水，否则会导致机件因局部温度突然下降过快而变形或产生裂纹。 Diesel common mechanical failure phenomena and approachBefore the diesel engine failure, general speed, sound, exhaust, water temperature, oil pressure will show some abnormal signs, that is, failure to pre-light characteristics. So the operation should be according to the characteristics of warning quickly make the right judgments, to take decisive measures to avoid the accident. Automotive repair and maintenance of network 1 pound cylinder failure omen characteristics pound cylinder is a large destructive mechanical failure, except the valve off the tank cause pound cylinder, mostly due to the connecting rod bolts loose retreat caused the connecting rod bolts loose retire or stretch, connecting rod bearing with the gap increases, this time in the crankcase parts can be heard pattering percussion, percussion from small to big, the last connecting rod bolt completely off or broken connecting rod and bearing cap thrown, breaking body and related parts. Measures: downtime, immediately replaced with new parts. 2, bush-burning failure omen characteristics of diesel engine working speed is suddenly reduced, increase the load, the engine black smoke, engine oil pressure drops of the crankc