2008讲稿(第7章).pptVIP

Chapter 7. Adsorption from solution and monolayer formation 7.1 Introduction Surfactant layers: Langmuir and Gibbs layers and Langmuir-Blodgett film Langmuir layer Monolayers(单分子层) formed by a substance that is insoluble in the liquid subphase(下相). (2) Gibbs layers Monolayers formed by substances soluble in the bulk (oil or water) but adsorbed(吸附) preferentially at the interface. (3) Langmuir-Blodgett(LB) layers (LB层) Langmuir layers transferred(转变) to solid substrates(基片，膜、层). Langmuir-Blodgett(LB) film (LB膜) Usually consist of multiple(多) layers. Objective To lay the basic foundations necessary for understanding adsorption（吸附） and formation of such layers and their structures（结构）. 2. Focus of this chapter The solubility of the adsorbed species（物质） in one or both of the adjacent phases. to distinguish（区分） the insoluble and soluble surface layers The difference in γbetween a clean surface and one with an adsorbed film. The material of this chapter is a mix of descriptive(叙述的) and theoretical concepts（概念、基本原理）. 7.2 Insoluble monolayers（ 不溶物的单分子层） 1． Spread of monolayers（单分子层的展开） （1）Amphipathic molecule (双亲分子) Polar group(极性基团)： －OH，－COOH，－SO3－，－NO3＋ Hydrophilic, water soluble. Nonpolar group(非极性基团)： Lang-chain alkyl group (烷基) 10碳原子数 Oil soluble, liophilic or hydrophobic. Polar group (heads) Nonpolar group( tails) （2）Surfactant、 surface active agent (表面活性剂) Surfactant: The substances is able to decrease surface tension dramatically. Surfactant is a amphipathic molecule. （3） Spread of surfactants on surface of water Spreading a dilute solution that prepared from a aliphatic(脂肪族的) solvent and an organic solute (surfactant). Experimental criteria(准则、条件)： A. The solubility in water of both components of the organic phase is negligible(可忽略的) at room temperature. B．The likelihood（可能性） of any complex（复合物） being formed between the organic solvent and solute is exceedingly(极度的) low. C. The volatility(挥发性) of the organic solvent is hig