高产牛饲养管理要点.ppt

高产奶牛饲养管理 NUTRITION GUIDES FOR HIGH YIELDING DAIRY CATTLE Dry Matter Intake Milk Production Body Scoring Condition Days in Lactation 奶牛营养调控基本原则 我们想让以下各方面达到最佳: COMPONENTS OF THE NUTRITIONAL STRATEGY FOR DAIRY COWS WE WANT TO ASSURE OPTIMAL : PEAK OF LACTATION AND TOTAL MILK PRODUCTION 高峰奶与胎次产量的关系 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 Peak Production in Lactation 高峰奶 胎次产量 Each additional Kg of milk at Peak Lactation represents a Production of 200 Kg in the whole lactation 高峰奶每增加1公斤胎次产量增加200公斤 采食量决定产奶量 还是 产奶量决定采食量? 研究表明奶牛经遗传育种改良的目的是产奶， 奶牛的采食量必须满足能量需要 所以， 产奶量决定了采食量。 RESEARCH HAS SHOWN THAT IN COWS GENETICALLY IMPROVED FOR MILK PRODUCTION, COWS CONSUME FEED TO MEET ENERGY NEEDS IS MILK PRODUCTION DRIVEN BY INTAKE INTAKE IS DRIVEN BY MILK PRODUCTION ? OR SO, INTAKE IS DRIVEN BY MILK PRODUCTION 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 MONTHS AFTER CALVING 产后天数 50 40 30 20 10 11,000 MILK PRODUCTION AT 2 DIFFERENT NUTRITION PLANS 饲喂两种不同营养水平的日粮泌乳曲线对比图 PLAN A - MILK Kg/Day MONTHS AFTER CALVING 产后天数 50 40 30 20 10 MILK PRODUCTION AT 2 DIFFERENT NUTRITION PLANS 饲喂两种不同营养水平的日粮泌乳曲线对比图 PLAN A - PLAN B - 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 MILK Kg/Day 奶牛的营养需要是什么 ? WHICH ARE THE NUTRITIONAL REQUIEREMENTS FOR DAIRY COWS ? 制定日粮配方时须考虑的几个方面 ASPECTS TO CONSIDER WHEN FORMULATING RATIONS 矿维：数量及利用率 AMOUNT AND AVAILABILITY MINERALS AND VITAMINS 能 量：参数值, 来源 ENERGY SOURCES ： VALUE, SOURCES 淀 粉：用量, 来源, 降解速度 STARCH：LEVEL, SOURCE, DEGRADATION PROTEIN RUP, RDP, SOLUBLE, MICROBIAL PROTEIN, DEGRADATION RATE 蛋白质： 非降解蛋白、降解蛋白、蛋白溶解性、 菌体蛋白、蛋白降解速度 能量 /蛋白比值 ENERGY / PROTEIN RATIO 粗饲料：种类、消化率 FORAGE：KINDS, DIGESTIBILITY RUMEN and RUMINATION 瘤胃及反刍 长纤维粗饲料需经过反刍。 纤维食糜团在瘤胃内的滞留时间为12 – 48 小时甚至更长时间（最高可达72小时）。 RETENTION OF LONG FIBER PARTICLES THAT NEED TO BE RUMINATED. FIBROUS PARTICLES STAY IN THE RUMEN FOR 12 – 48 HOURS AND EVEN LONGER (up to 72 hours) 反刍或瘤胃