第二部分 语法部分.docVIP

第二部分 语法部分 （一）虚拟语气（subjunctive mode） 1、 虚拟语气在条件从句中的运用 （1）虚拟形式? If 从句 从句谓语形式 主句谓语形式 ? 将来 动词过去式(be用were) should + 动词原形 were to + 动词原形 ? would / should / might / could + 动词原形 现在 动词过去式(be 用 were) would / should / might / could + 动词原形 过去 had +动词过去分词 would / should / might / could have + 动词过去分词 （2）虚拟原则 第一，句子类型主句 + if + 从句 = If 从句 ，+ 主句 第二， 情态原则由于虚拟语气也是表示一种假设或者愿望等语气，能表达这一情况的就是情态动词，所以虚拟语气主句必须用would/should/might/could 来表示情态，而且would/should 用得最多。 第三，时态倒退原则 例如对将来的虚拟， 主句would/should + have done (过去式) （完成时从时间点来看，也是过去式）过去 + 过去就是对过去的倒退 从句had done : （过去的过去）过去完成时也是对过去的倒退 倒退 D A B C 过去的过去 过去 现在 将来 Time If they treated me as a slave, I would have to resign. If we hadn’t made adequate preparations, the conference wouldn’t have been so successful. (3) 条件从句中如果有were, had, should, 和could 时，可以省略if，而把were, had, should, 和could放在主语前，用倒装结构。 Were it necessary, I might resign Had you informed me earlier, I wouldn’t have signed the contract Should I have time, I would call on her Were they to get married, they would be happy. 2、错综时间条件句主句和从句动作发生时间不一致时，主句和从句谓语动作要根据各自不同的时间选用虚拟形式。注意此时一般具有明显的不同时间标志 If I had worked hard at school, I would be sitting in a comfortable office now. If you hesitated this moment, you might suffer in future. 3、介词短语替代条件状语从句表条件but for (要不是), without（如果没有） But for your help, we couldn’t have succeeded. They wouldn’t have reached the agreement so easily without that common ground. 4、虚拟语气在宾语和表语从句中的运用 wish + 宾语从句 虚拟原则 对现在的虚拟 were或者 动词过去式 对过去的虚拟 Had done 或者 would/could have done 对将来的虚拟 Would/should + 动词原形 I wish that I had taken the advice I wish she were here 5、在命令，建议，希望，要求等宾语从句和表语从句中，谓语用should + 动词原形 或者用动词原形表示虚拟。 (四大类词) 命令 Order, command 等 建议 Suggest, propose, recommend, advise, 等 希望 Expect, desire等 要求 Demand, require