食品安全5要点.ppt

Food Sensitivities, Allergic Reactions, and Food Intolerances食品敏感性、过敏性反应和食品不耐性 CONTENTS 主要内容 DEFINITION AND MECHANISMS OF ADVERSE FOOD REACTION第一节 食品不良反应的定义和机理 SYMPTOMS OF ADVERSE FOOD REACTIONS第二节 食品不良反应的症状 DIAGNOSIS OF ADVERSE FOOD REACTIONS第三节 食品不良反应的诊断法 PREVALENCE第四节 发病率 FOOD ALLERGENS第五节 食品过敏原 FOOD ADDITIVES第六节 食品添加剂 FOOD LABELING IN RELATION TO FOOD SENSITIVITIES 第七节 与食品过敏性有关的食品标签 DEFINITION AND MECHANISMS OF ADVERSE FOOD REACTION第一节 食品不良反应的定义和机理 toxic food reactions 食品毒性反应 A classical toxic food reaction is scombroid fish poisoning, due to large amounts of histamine 鲭亚目鱼组胺中毒是典型的食品毒性反应。 Food intolerance 食品不耐性 enzymatic (resulting from an enzymatic defect, e.g., lactase deficiency), “ 酶促性的”（因酶缺陷造成，如乳糖酶缺乏症） pharmacological (depending on the direct effect of, e.g., vaso-active amines naturally found in foods) “药理学的”（取决于直接效应，如食品中天然存在的血管活性胺） “Undefined不明确的” SYMPTOMS OF ADVERSE FOOD REACTIONS第二节 食品不良反应的症状 IgE-Mediated Food Allergy一、以IgE-为媒介的食品敏感症 Characteristic 特征 Clinical manifestations of IgE-mediated food allergy can remain localized at the site of the primary direct contact, i.e., 一直保持在最初的直接接触部位 the mouth 嘴 throat (oral allergy syndrome)咽喉（口腔敏感综合症） the gastroiniesrinal tract (isolated gastrointestinal food allergy)胃肠道（单独的胃肠道食品敏感症） Oral Allergy Syndrome （一）口腔敏感综合病症 Allergen: fresh foods( fruits and vegetables) 过敏原：新鲜食品（如水果和蔬菜） Symptom 症状： Itching of the lips, mouth, palate， throat 嘴唇、嘴、上腭咽喉等处立即发痒 Hoarseness and/or swelling of the lips, tongue, uvula, and larynx 嗓音嘶哑，嘴唇、舌头、小舌、喉等肿胀 Allergic Reactions After Ingestion of Food （二）摄入食品后的过敏反应 Symptom 症状： 1）The main symptoms of gastrointestinal food allergy are vomiting, nausea, diarrhea, and abdominal pains (colics or cramps). 胃肠道主要症状:呕吐、反胃、腹泻以及腹部疼痛（绞痛或痛性痉挛）； 2) Skin reactions include local or generalized pruritus, flush, urticaria, angioedema. morbilliform exanthema, and flare-up of atopic dermatitis 皮肤反应：局部的或无显著特点的搔痒症、面部潮红、风疹、血管性水肿、麻疹样疹病、突发特异性皮炎； 3) The symptoms o