spm使用培训课件03KlaasTheGeneralLinearModel(GLM).pptVIP

The General Linear Model (GLM) SPM Course 2010 University of Zurich, 17-19 February 2010 Klaas Enno Stephan Laboratory for Social Neural Systems Research Institute for Empirical Research in Economics University of Zurich Functional Imaging Laboratory (FIL) Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging University College London With many thanks for slides images to: FIL Methods group Overview of SPM Realignment Smoothing Normalisation General linear model Statistical parametric map (SPM) Image time-series Parameter estimates Design matrix Template Kernel Gaussian field theory p 0.05 Statistical inference Passive word listening versus rest 7 cycles of rest and listening Blocks of 6 scans with 7 sec TR Question: Is there a change in the BOLD response between listening and rest? Stimulus function One session A very simple fMRI experiment stimulus function Decompose data into effects and error Form statistic using estimates of effects and error Make inferences about effects of interest Why? How? data linear model effects estimate error estimate statistic Modelling the measured data Time BOLD signal Time single voxel time series Voxel-wise time series analysis model specification parameter estimation hypothesis statistic SPM BOLD signal Time = ??1 ?2 + + error x1 x2 e Single voxel regression model Mass-univariate analysis: voxel-wise GLM = + y X Model is specified by Design matrix X Assumptions about e N: number of scans p: number of regressors The design matrix embodies all available knowledge about experimentally controlled factors and potential confounds. GLM assumes Gaussian “spherical” (i.i.d.) errors sphericity = i.i.d.error covariance is scalar multiple of identity matrix: Cov(e) = ?2I Examples for non-sphericity: non-identity non-independence Parameter estimation = + Ordinary least squares estimation (OLS) (assuming i.i.d. error): Objective: estimate parameters to minimize y X y e Design space defined by X x1 x2 A geometric perspective on the GLM Residual form