利用转移矩阵法求解双势垒的传输系数论述.doc

目 录 摘要 1 关键词 1 Abstract: 1 Key words: 2 引言 2 1 低维半导体材料 2 1.1 量子阱材料 3 1.2量子线材料 3 1.3 量子点材料 3 2 有效质量近似及物理意义 4 2.1有效质量近似简介 4 2.2有效质量的意义 4 3 异质结构及隧道效应 5 3.1异质结构 5 3.2 隧道效应概述 7 4 转移矩阵法的建立 7 5 转移矩阵法的应用 10 结论 16 致谢 16 参考文献 16  利用转移矩阵法求解双势垒的传输系数 物理学专业学生 孙芳芳 指导教师 王海龙 摘要：介绍了量子阱、量子线、量子点等低维半导体结构和有效质量近似及异质结构。详细介绍了转移矩阵法并利用转移矩阵方法精确计算了电子穿过一维矩形双势垒的透射系数。通过运行程序得到多组数据，再利用origin软件进行作图。最后得到在特定低于势垒高度V的能量E中包含狄拉克方程因子，这是完全不同于单势垒情况的。在这些共振能量中双势垒的传输系数为1，这说明在势垒之间存在准束缚态，这和量子阱中的结构类似，但是它不是定态，最终在这种状态的电子和空穴都会被散射出势垒之外。增加势垒的高度可以远离共振态，降低传输系数。通过作图分析不同势垒宽度的电流电压曲线可以得到薄的势垒电子穿过更容易，所以电流就高。 关键词：量子阱 量子线 量子点 转移矩阵法 传输系数 Calculation the transmission coefficient of the double barrier using the transfer matrix method Student majoring in Name Fangfang Sun Tutor Name Hailong Wang Abstract:The low-dimensional semiconductor structures of quantum well, quantum wire, quantum dot, the effective mass approximation and heterojunctions are presented. The transfer matrix method was introduced and transmission coefficient of electron tunneling through the rectangular double barrier has been calculated with the transfer matrix method; Getting more groups of data by running the program and drawing by using origin software . Picture analysis shows that the curves contain Dirac-functions at certain energies E below the potential barrier height V. This is quite unlike the single barrier case. At these resonance energies, the double-barrier system appears transparent and has a transmission coefficient of 1. The wave functions of these states are localised between the barriers and are often referred to as quasi-bound states since they resemble the bound states of quantum well structures. However, they are not stationary states in that electrons or holes in such states will eventually scatter into the lower energy states outside of the barriers. The effect of an incre