环境工程专业英语第五单元研讨.pptxVIP

Part 2 Unit 5 Chemistry of the Atmosphere generalization of atmosphere The thin gaseous envelop that surrounded our planet is integral to the maintenance of life on earth. The composition of the atmosphere is predominately determined by biological processes acting with concert with physical and chemical change. Though the concentration of the major atmosphere constituents remain the same, the concentration of trace species, which are key to many atmosphere processes are changing. It is apparent that man’s activities are beginning to change the composition of the atmosphere over a range of scales, leading to, for example, increased acid deposition, local and regional ozone episodes, stratospheric ozone loss and potentially climate change. generalization of atmosphere Major species Trace species Concentrations are constantly Concentrations are changing Man’s activities Increased acid deposition, ozone episodes, ozone loss , climate change change Biological processes Regions of atmosphere In order to understand the chemistry of the atmosphere we need to map the different regions of the atmosphere. The atmosphere can be conveniently classified into a number of regions which are distinguished by different characteristic of dynamical motions of the air. The lowest region, from the surface of earth to the tropopause at a range of 10km-15km, is termed the troposphere. This region is of active weather systems which determine the climate at the surface of the earth. The lowest of the troposphere is influenced by earth surface on daily basis. Above the troposphere lies the stratosphere, a quiescent region of the atmosphere where vertical transport of material is slow and radiative transfer of energy dominates. In this region lies the ozone layer which has an important property of absorbing ultraviolet radiation from the sun, which would otherwise be harmful to life on the earth. The stratopause at approximately 50km altitude marks the boundary betw