我国海事赔偿责限制制度适用模式研究.docVIP

摘 要 海事赔偿责任限制是海商法中有别于民法损害赔偿的一项特殊制度。它是指作为责任人的船舶所有人、经营人等，在发生重大海损事故后，可依据法律规定，将自己的赔偿责任限制在一定的限额内。该制度历史悠久，并经不断完善，但客观上却导致债权人不能得到充分赔偿。因此，随着科学技术不断进步，海上风险日趋减少，取消该制度的呼声也日益高涨。然而，该制度的作用并未因此而受到削弱，相反国际公约的不断修更从法律层面上进一步确认和巩固了该制度。究其原因在于航运业对国际贸易具有举足轻重的影响，国际社会不得不正视该行业与生俱来的特殊风险性，并据此接受这种看似“极不公平”的责任限制制度。与此同时，各国出于自身政治、经济、贸易等方面的需要，也相继通过相关领域的国内立法，以确立其各自的海事赔偿责任限制法律制度。 《中华人民共和国海商法》参照《1976年海事赔偿责任限制公约》对海事赔偿责任限制制度进行了实体上的规定同时《海事诉讼特别程序法》也对相关的责任限制基金设立和债权登记与受偿程序进行了规定。，我国基本建立完整的海事赔偿责任限制。ABSTRACT Limitation of liability for maritime claims is a special regime under maritime law which is different from civil damages. After maritime mishaps, ship owners and managers may limit their liability for the payment of damages based on the limitation of liability and in accordance with relevant legal rules. Although the limitation of liability regime has a long history and is improved from time to time, it is destined to prevent creditors from a full recovery for their losses. Therefore, with better science and technology and less marine risks, more and more voices are heard for the abolishment of the limitation of liability. However, the impact of the regime has not been weakened. To the contrary, the regime has been further confirmed and consolidated upon continual amendments of international conventions. The vitality of the regime can be traced to the significant influence of the shipping industry on international trade. Since the international community has to face and recognize the special risks arising out of the shipping business, it must accept the limitation of liability regime which seems “unfair”. At the same time, taking political, economic and trade needs into account, different nations have established limitation of liability for maritime claims through domestic legislation one after another. The PRC Maritime Law has made a reference to the Convention on Limitation of Liability for Maritime Claims 1976 and stipulated the substantive regulations on the limitation of liability for maritime claims. Be