新目标英语九年级uit_14_Have_you_packed_yet？导学案(全单元).docVIP

詹大悲中学初三英语导学案： Unit14 Have you packed yet？（Section A） 现在完成时主要表示在过去发生但与现在的情况有联系或对现在有影响的动作或状态， （一）现在完成时的构成形式：助动词have/has+过去分词 现在完成时的否定句在have（has）的后面加上not, 疑问句是将have/has 置于主语之前。 （二）现在完成时的用法： 1. 表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，常与下列状语连用：already（多用于肯定陈述句），never（多用于否定陈述句），ever（多用于疑问句），yet（多用于否定句和疑问句），just（位于谓语之前），before（一般位于句末）。 I have already returned the book. She has never been to Beijing before. Li Ling hasn’t come back yet. 2. 表示过去发生而持续到现在的动作或状态,常与表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在的一段时间状语连用,如for+一段时间, since+一段时间（起点）, since+一段时间+ago, since+从句（从句用一般过去时） I have worked in Shanghai for 3 years. He has taught in this school since 1985. She has read that magazine since she came home. 3. 表示到现在为止的这一段时间中多次动作的总和或所做工作的量的积累。 Lucy has been to London three times. A lot of changes have taken place in this city in the past three years. 注意： 1. 有些表示短暂动作的动词（即瞬间性动词），如：come, go, leave, begin, get, buy, join, become, find, finish, die, stop, get up等，虽可用于现在完成时，但不能与表示一段时间的状语（如since 1995, for three weeks等）连用，必须将该动词改为延续性动词或系表结构来表达。 borrow---keep，leave come---be，live，stay get to know---know leave---be away join---be in，be a member of buy---have begin---be on “他入伍两年了。” He joined the army two years ago. He became a soldier two years ago. He has been a soldier two years ago. It is two years since he joined the army. “这本书我已从图书馆借了一个星期。” I borrowed this book from the library a week ago. I have kept this book from the library for one week. It’s one week since I borrowed this book from the library. 试比较：Jim has left. Jim has been away from home for three days. 2. have（has） gone 和have（has） been to 的区别。 have/has been to（ a place）的意思时“曾经去过（某地）”，去的人现在并不在那儿，已经回来了，而have/has gone to （a place）的意思是“到某地去了”，去的人现在正在去某地的路上或已经到达某地了，试比较： Tom has been to Nanjing. Tom isn’t at home. He has gone to Nanjing. （三）现在完成时和一般过去时的区别： 1. 现在完成时强调过去某个动作或状态对现在产生的影响或结果，与现在有密切的关系，而一般过去时强调的是过去某一具体时间的动作或状态，与现在没有什么联系。 I have had my supper. I had my supper at home. She has opened the door.