小学英语句法.docVIP

第一部分：句法 陈述句 （1）肯定句：是指用肯定的语气来陈述的句子，如： I’m a student. She is a doctor. He works in a hospital. There are four fans in our classroom. He will eat lunch at 12:00. I watched TV yesterday evening. （2）否定句：含有否定词或表示否定意义词的句子，如： I’m not a student. She is not （isn’t a doctor. He does not （doesn’t work in a hospital. There are not （aren’t four fans in our classroom. He will not （won’t eat lunch at 12:00. I did not （didn’t watch TV yesterday evening. 2. 疑问句 （1）一般疑问句：是指询问事实的句子，此类句子必须用“yes”，或“no”来回答。 Is she a doctor Yes, she is./No, she isn’t. Does Li Ming watching TV everyday Yes, he does./No, he doesn’t. Are there any people in our classroom Yes, there are./No, there aren’t. 特殊疑问句：以特殊疑问词（what , where , who , which , when , whose , why , how等）开头引导的句子。此类句子应该问什么就答什么，不能用“yes 、no”来回答。 What are you doing? Where can I buy this cake? Who is this man? When do we go to eat? Which?one?is?better? Whose?wallet?is?this? Why do?you?keep silent? How old are you? 3.There be句型 There be 句型与have（has 的区别与联系： （1）区别点：there be 意为存在，强调某地有某物，不表示所属关系；have 表示所有关系， 强调某人或某地有某物，这是其基本用法。 There are some trees in front of the house.房前有些树。 Tom has many friends in China.汤姆在中国有许多朋友。（2）相同点：在表示结构上的含有时，既可以用there be 句型，也可以用have（has 来表示。如： 中国有许多长河。 There are many long rivers in China. China has many long rivers. 三月份有多少天？ How many days are there in March How many days has March?2、在there be 句型中，主语是单数，be 动词用is ; 主语是复数，be 动词用are ; 如有几件物品，be 动词根据最近be 动词的那个名词决定。 Theres a man at the door.门口有个人。 There is some apple juice in the bottle.?瓶子里有些苹果汁。 There are some strangers in the street.大街上有一些陌生人。 There is an ashtray and two bottles on the shelf. 架子上有一只烟灰缸和两个瓶子。 There are two bottles and an ashtray on the shelf. 架子上有两个瓶子和一个烟灰缸。3、there be 句型的否定句在be 动词后加not , 一般疑问句把be 动词调到句首。 There aren’t any pens on the desk.课桌上没有钢笔。 Is there a cake on the table??桌子上有块蛋糕吗？ Yes，there is. / No，there isn’t.是，有。/ 不，没有。4、some 和any 在there be 句型中的运用：some 用于肯定句，any 用于否定句或疑问句。5、and 和or 在there b