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Mastering Concepts 16.1 1. What are two domains that contain prokaryotes? Bacteria and Archaea are the two domains that include prokaryotes. 2. List several ways that prokaryotes have influenced evolution. Prokaryotes have influenced evolution by contributing O2 to the atmosphere, helping to create the ozone layer, and becoming incorporated into eukaryotic cells as mitochondria and chloroplasts. 3. In what habitats do bacteria and archaea live? Prokaryotes live in every conceivable habitat. 4. Why is the term prokaryote controversial? The term prokaryote is controversial