浅析托福阅读中段落的逻辑结构.docx

智课网TOEFL备考资料浅析托福阅读中段落的逻辑结构 摘要： 托福阅读文章难度虽远远不及GRE阅读文章，但两者同属学术性英文文章，句式结构与段落展开结构均有相似之处，此外由于均是由ETS出题，所以出题点也大同小异。 托福 阅读题目分析应该从段落结构入手，尤其是最后一道文章小结题，如果不了解段落的逻辑结构是很难作对的，那么分析段落的逻辑结构有哪些技巧和方法呢? 老师在介绍非虚构类文章的逻辑结构之前先给我们讲解了句子阅读的方法之多层结构法，主要要求学生从语义及句子成分之间的逻辑关系的角度理解句子含义，但对 托福阅读 中句子的难度水平来说，我们采取杨鹏老师推荐的从语法角度来迅速读懂句子就足够了，这里需重点强调的是，大家要做到利用语法，但不靠语法。 我们首先托福长难句最典型的例子“复杂修饰+插入语”。 According to conventional theory, yawning takes place when people are bored or sleepyand serves the function of increasing alertness by reversing, through deeper breathing, thedrop in blood oxygen levels that are caused by the shallow breathing that accompanies lack ofsleep or boredom. 运用课堂上讲的线索理解法来看这个托福的句子，先找出主句主干，再找从句主干，最后找定状同成分的核心信息，因此我们收集到的信息有： 删除重复信息和次要信息后，我们得到这句话的主要信息是：yawning takes place and increases alertness by increasing(=reversing the drop) blood oxygen level. 这样我们就做到了利用语法读懂句子。 我们再来看一个有逻辑关系的例句。 lnequalities of gender have also existed in pastoralist societies, but they seem to have been softened by the absence of steep hierarchies of wealth in most communities, and also by the requirement that women acquire most of the skills of men, including, often, their military skills. 保留重要逻辑信息后，我们最后得到：inequalities have been softened by the absence of steep hierarchies of wealth and by the requirement that women acquire most of the skills of men. 老师讲完多层结构法后，紧接着带着我们分析文章结构，讲解了学术文章的结构模式和理解方法，分类剖析句子内部、句子之间、段落之间的逻辑关系。同为学术性文章，托福阅读也满足此类文章的结构模式与理解方法，那就让我们一同来看一下托福阅读段落中的其中一种逻辑结构——因果类逻辑结构。 Most savannas probably experience mild fires frequently and major burns every two yearsor so. Many savanna and dry-forest plant species are called pyrophytes, meaning they areadapted in various ways to withstand occasional burning. Frequent fire is a factor to whichrain forest species seem unable to adapt, although ancient charcoal remains from Amazonforest soils dating prior to the arrival of humans suggest that moist forests also occasionallyburn. Experiments suggest that if fire did not occur in savannas in