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2.Apoptosis, Programmed cell death Biological functions of apoptosis Morphological and biochemical characteristics of apoptosis Contrast ofApoptosis and necrosis 3.Molecular mechanisms of apoptosis Early researches (MIT: Robert Horrid , 1986) Apoptosis is carried out by a proteolytic system — caspase How to activate caspases? The target proteins of caspase are the following: Molecular pathways of apoptosis * * Chapter 13 Cell apoptosis Extracellular cotrol of cell division, cell growth, and apoptosis Mitogens stimulate G1-Cdk and G1/S-Cdk activities PRIZED H