水勢.docVIP

滲透作用及植物與水的關係 (Osmosis and Plant Water Relations) 滲透作用 (Osmosis) I 定義 (Definition) 滲透作用可被定義為水分子自純水或一較弱溶液 (稀釋溶液、擁有較多水分比例) 區域經選透膜往一較強溶液 (濃度較高、擁有較少水分比例) 區域的淨移動。 Osmosis can be defined as the net movement of water molecules from pure water or a weaker solution (dilute solution, with more water proportion) to a stronger solution (concentrated solution, with less water proportion) through a selectively ( / partially) permeable membrane which separates the two region. 所以 滲透作用可被想像作擴散作用的特殊類別 Therefore osmosis may be thought of as a special type of diffusion. 有選透膜的存在。選透膜是一單位膜可容許一些物質自由穿過、一些慢慢通過及其他完全不能穿過，注意 “半透性 semi-permeable” 及 “ 差異透性 differentially permeable” 已不多用了。 A partially permeable membrane is present. Partially permeable membrane is a unit membrane that allowing some substance to pass freely, others to pass slowly, and still others to pass hardly at all. Note that the terms “semi-permeable” and “differentially permeable” are no longer in use. (During osmosis, water molecules, which are polar in nature, move across the membrane via hydrophilic pores found within intrinsic protein molecules.) II 自由能量及水勢 Free energy and water potential ((, psi ) a. 自由能量 Free energy Free energy includes the velocity or kinetic motions of the particles and their rotational and vibrational energies at a certain temperature. b. 化學勢 Chemical potential Chemical potential is the free energy per mole of molecules. It is a measure of the energy content of particles in a system and therefore of their tendency to diffuse spontaneously from one place to another. c. 水勢 Water potential ((, psi ) 水的代學勢被指為水勢。實踐上，一個系統的水勢被定義為這系統中水的化學勢與相同溫度及壓強下純水的化學勢差異。通常被生物學家以壓強的單位 (kPa 或 bars) 表達。The chemical potential of water is referred to as water potential. For practical purposes, the water potential of a system is defined as the differences in chemical potential of water in this system and that of pure water at the same temperature and pressure. It is usually expressed in pressure units (kPa or bars