Solid-state sintering.pptVIP

Solid-state sintering 固态烧结 * The driving force for sintering is reduction in surface free energy associated with a decreased of surface area in powder compacts due to removal of solid-vapour interfaces. 烧结驱动力来源于由固气界面的迁移所导致的粉末压坯表面积的减少造成的表面自由能的降低。 associate [?‘s????e?t ] compact [k?mp?kt] vapour [ve?p?] Vapour phase nucleation is described by using the Kelvin equation, which is also applicable to mass transport process in a consolidated powder. 气相成核可以用开尔文方程来解释，这个解释也同样适用于压实粉末的质量运输过程。 nucleation [,nj?kl?e??n] applicable [?pl?k?b(?)l ] consolidated [k?nsɑl?,det?d] The vapour pressure difference across a curved interface can enhance evaporation from particle surfaces and condensation at the neck between two particles, particularly for particle diameters of several micrometers or less, such as occur in ceramic fabrication. 弯曲界面的蒸汽压差异能够提高粒子表面的蒸发程度和两个粒子间颈部的凝结程度，尤其对于直径为几微米或更小的粒子，对陶瓷制备过程中产生的粒子而言，这种现象更为明显。 evaporation [?,v?p?re??n]? condensation [k?ndense??(?)n]? diameter [da??m?t?] Although this evaporation-condensation process produces changes in pore shape and joins particles together, the centre-to-centre distance between particles remains constant so that shrinkage and densification do not occur. 尽管这种蒸发冷凝过程造成了气孔形状的改变从而使粒子互相结合在一起，但粒子间的中心距保持不变，因此不会产生收缩和致密化。 densification [,densifikei??n] The driving force for mass transport by solid-state processes for ceramic powders with low vapour pressure is the difference in free energy between the neck region and surface of particles. 低压下陶瓷粉末的固化进程中质量运输的驱动力是粒子的颈部和表面的自由能差异。 As for the evaporation-codensation pathway，transport from surface to neck by surface and lattice diffusion dose not cause densification. 对于蒸发冷凝法，通过表面和晶格的扩散从表面到颈部的运输不会引起致密化。 pathway [pɑ?θwe?] diffusion [d?fju??(?)n] This is produced only by diffusion from the grain boundary between particles and from the bulk lattice. 这种运输仅仅由从粒子间的晶界和大量晶格的扩散产生。 bulk [b?lk] Covalent ceramics such as Si3N4 are more difficult to sinter to high density than ionic