PQ测量仪器与技术基础.ppt

The purpose of this slide is to show that in the majority of cases, when measuring motor DPF, “single-phase” DPF and three-phase DPF are the same. The key technique is to measure voltage from phase to ground (not phase-to-phase) AND put the clamp on the same phase. For the vast majority of motors, those being powered from Grounded-Wye sources, a single measurement is all that is needed for three-phase PF. Grounded-wye sources are almost universally used in light industrial and commercial buildings. Note that three wires are actually run to the motor (the neutral is not used) and the motor case is grounded. (If the transformer and panel also serve single-phase loads, there would be a neutral run to the panel, for use by those single-phase loads). To check if the source is a grounded-wye, measure from each motor lead to motor ground (motor case). If at the motor starter, measure from each phase to the grounded enclosure. All voltage readings should be more or less equal. Because of the equal voltages to ground and because the motor by definition is a balanced load (unless it has severe current imbalance, which indicates that something is wrong with the motor), DPF is the same on all phases. Of course, this is easy enough for the user to prove to himself. PF = W / VA. Watts / VA is a way of saying Useful Power / Supplied Power. In AC circuits, there are three kinds of power: Active Power (Watts), also called True Power : Utility charges are based on Watts Reactive Power (Volt-Amperes Reactive): This power is used to energize magnetic fields of inductors (coils) and to charge capacitors. This charging and discharging occurs within each half-cycle. Power engineers speak of motor loads as consumers of VARs and capacitors as suppliers of VARs. The energy stored in the opposite charges on the two plates of a capacitor is used to supply the magnetization energy required by motors. Reactive power is unavoidable overhead in AC power circuits. Apparent Pow