Engineering Materials 2.pptVIP

* Ceramics Have you ever wondered: What is the magnetic strip on your credit card is made from? What material is used to protect the space shuttle from high temperature during re-entry? What ceramic materials is commonly added to paints? What ceramic material is found in bone and teeth? What are spark plugs made from? * Ceramics Ceramics have been used for many thousands of years * Ceramics Inorganic, non-metallic solid material Ionically （离子） and/or covalently （共价）bonded solid May have a crystalline or partly crystalline structure, or amorphous (e.g., glass) Often restricted to inorganic crystalline materials, as opposed to the non-crystalline glasses * Ceramics Applications (some important ceramics) Alumina Used to contain molten metal or at high temperatures As insulators in spark plugs Some application can be found in dental and medical use Chromium-doped alumina is used for making lasers Fine alumina particles are used as catalyst support * Ceramics Aluminum nitride (AlN) Provides good electrical insulation but has a high thermal conductivity AlN is a suitable replacement for Al2O3 as a substrate material for integrated circuits Cracking is minimized and electrical insulation is obtained; heat generated by the electronic circuit can be quickly removed Better suited than many competing materials for use in electrical circuits operating at a high frequency * Ceramics Barium titanate (BaTiO3) Most widely used electronic ceramic Has a high dielectric constant that makes it possible to create smaller capacitors that can hold considerable amounts of charge * Ceramics Boron carbide (B4C) Very hard, yet unusually light weight Third hardest material known-after diamond and cubic boron nitride It finds uses in applications requiring excellent abrasion resistance and as a portion of bulletproof armor plate Has a rather poor properties at high temperature * Ceramics Cordierite (2MgO-2Al2O3-5SiO2) Is useful as an electronic ceramic Used to make a honeyco