读书笔记--关于蛋白质结构与功能.docVIP

Increased heme-heme interaction 【医】血红素相互作用增加 Myoglobin【化】 肌红蛋白Specific binding is governed by shape complementarity and polar interactions such as hydrogen bonding. “Protein function” may mean the biochemical function of the molecule in isolation, or the cellular function it performs as part of an assemblage or complex with other molecules, or the phenotype it produces in the cell or organism. Versatility n. 多用途, 多才多艺, 易变 Major examples of the biochemical functions of proteins include binding; catalysis; operating as molecular switches; and serving as structural components of cells and organisms Figure 1-1 . Proteins may bind to other macromolecules, such as DNA in the case of DNA polymerases or gene regulatory proteins, or to proteins in the case of a transporter or a receptor that binds a signaling molecule. This function exploits the ability of proteins to present structurally and chemically diverse surfaces that can interact with other molecules with high specificity. Catalysis requires not only specific binding, to substrates and in some cases to regulatory molecules, but also specific chemical reactivity. Regulated enzymes and switches, such as the signaling G proteins which are regulated enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of GTP , require large-scale conformational changes that depend on a delicate balance between structural stability and flexibility. Structural proteins may be as strong as silk or as tough and durable as keratin, the protein component of hair, horn and feathers; or they may have complex dynamic properties that depend on nucleotide hydrolysis, as in the case of actin and tubulin. This extraordinary functional diversity and versatility of proteins derives from the chemical diversity of the side chains of their constituent amino acids, the flexibility of the polypeptide chain, and the very large number of ways in which polypeptide chains with different amino acid sequences can fold. Aqueous []　a. 水的, 似水的, 水成的 【化】 水的; 含水的; 水成的Rigid a. 坚硬的,