participles.pptVIP

Participles Present participle (-ing participle) 主动进行 Past participle (-ed participle) 被动完成 现在分词的否定式 not + doing 现在分词的完成式 having +done 现在分词的过去式 being+ done 现在分词的完成被动式 having been + done Functions of the present participle Used as attributive/premodifier 1. 动词现在分词单独作定语，通常放在所修饰词前。例如：  The sleeping boy is Tom.  2. 现在分词短语作定语放在所修饰词的后面，意思同定语从句差不多。例如 ：  Tell the children playing outside not to make too much noise. = Tell the children who are playing outside not to make too much noise.  3. 现在分词可相当于非限制性定语，常用逗号分开。例如：  Tom, wearing beautiful clothes, followed me down the hill. = Tom, who is wearing beautiful clothes, followed me down the hill.  4. 有时现在分词可以和副词或名词构成复合词作定语。例如：  This is an English-speaking country. 现在分词作补语多表示主语的特征。如amusing, discouraging, puzzling, refreshing, astonishing, exciting 等。 The story is moving.  Used as subject complement 现在分词在句中作宾语补足语，这时现在分词和前面的宾语有逻辑上的“主补”关系或“主谓”关系。例如： We all found his equipment interesting. (主补关系)  I saw Mary going upstairs then. (主谓关系) Used as object complement 现在分词作状语，其逻辑主语一般是句中的主语。 1. 作原因状语，相当于原因状语从句。例如： Being ill, Mary didnt come to school yesterday. 2. 作时间状语，相当于时间状语从句。例如： Seeing their teacher coming, the students stopped talking. 如果现在分词表示的动作与谓语表示的动作同时发生，常在现在分词前加上when或while。 While waiting for the plane, I had a long talk with Simon. 3. 作条件状语，相当于一个条件状语从句。例如： Working harder, youll be No. 1 in your class.  Used as adverbial 4. 作让步状语，相当于让步状语从句。例如： Weighing almost two hundred grams, the stone was moved by him alone. 5. 作结果状语。例如： He died, leaving nothing but debts. 6. 作伴随状语或方式状语。例如： He sat by the roadside, begging. Used as adverbial Absolute Construction (独立主格结构） 分词做状语时，通常句子的主语是其逻辑主语，否则必须在它前面加上名词普通格或代词主格，作分词自己的逻辑主语。分词独立主格结构通常表示伴随、原因、时间、条件等。 He rushed into the room, his face covered with sweat. The meeting being over, they went out of the room one by one. Weather permitting, we’ll go fishing. The last bus having gone, we had to walk ho