review of EM theory.pptVIP

Feb. 27, 2011 NUST Important Concepts and Theories Maxwell’s equations instantaneous form Phasor form Complex permittivity permeability Material classification Boundary Conditions Wave equations Polarization of plane wave Poynting’s Theorem Maxwell’s equations Maxwell’s Equations (instantaneous, symmetric form) Maxwell’s Equations (phasor form) E, H, D, B, J, M - phasor vectors ?, ?m - phasor scalars Relation of instantaneous quantities to phasor quantities: E (x,y,z,t) = Re {E (x, y, z) ej?t}, etc. Complex Permittivity and Permeability In order to account for dielectric and magnetic losses in media where time-harmonic electromagnetic fields exist, we may define a complex permittivity and permeability. In the case of dielectrics, we may combine the conductivity losses with the dielectric losses according to Maxwell’s equations. The conduction current density J in a given medium is defined by where ? is the conductivity of the medium in S/m (?/m). We may write a single equation which includes dielectric and conductor losses by incorporating the complex permittivity and the conduction current equation into Ampere’s law. ~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~ Displacement conductor +dielectric losses current The ratio of the overall conductor and dielectric losses to the displacement current is defined as the loss tangent [tan?] since it is related to the tangent of the complex number multiplying the electric field phasor. Material Classifications A given medium is characterized by its three constitutive parameters defined as (?,?,?). We may classify all medium according to the characteristics of the constitutive parameters. Electromagnetic Field Boundary Conditions Knowledge of how the components of an electromagnetic field behave at the interface between two different media is important in the solution of many problems in microwave engineering. A simple interface between two media