BRAKE.docVIP

6 制动器基础 Automotive service brakes must be able to stop the car, prevent excess-spedd when coasting, and hold the vehicle in position when stopped on grades. They are designed so that the braking effort can be varied by the driver to keep the vehicle under control. 机动车制动器，俗称刹车，是一种用来使机动车减速，防止其在行驶过程中超速，以及在泊车时能保证停车入位的机械装置。 To reduce the rotational speed of the wheel and slow the automobile, the service brakes force a stationary friction material, called a lining, against a rotation member, either a drum or rotor. The action of the friction material on the moving cast iron surface changes the kinetic energy of the moving vehicle into thermal energy or heat in the brakes. This heat is removed by moving air past the brakes. 制动器的工作原理主要是来自摩擦，利用来令片与刹车碟（鼓）及轮胎与地面的摩擦，将车辆行进的动能转换成摩擦后的热能，将车子停下来。产生的热量会随通过制动器的空气排出装置。 The driver controls the force of the brake lining against the moving cast iron braking surface through mechanical, vacuum, and hydraulic mechanisms. Braking effect increases as the force transferred form the pedal pushes the stationary linings against the moving braking surface. Maximum braking occurs just before the wheel locks and the tire begins to slide on the road surface. Maximum braking, therefore, depends upon the adhesion between the tire and the road surface. When the tire slides on the road, braking effort is reduced and directional control of the vehicle may be lost. 驾驶人踩在踏板的力经由踏板机构的杠杆放大效果，经由真空动力辅助器利用真空压力差的原理再将力量放大，用来推动刹车总泵最大的制动效果是发生在轮胎锁死前的瞬间，如果能够让制动力一直保持在与轮胎摩擦力平衡的状态，那将获得最大的制动效果。当的制动力大过轮胎的摩擦力就会造成轮胎锁死，一旦发生轮胎锁死那轮胎与地面间的摩擦就由静摩擦变成动摩擦，不但摩擦力大幅降低更会失去转向循迹能力。 一套良好有效率的系统必须能提供稳定、足够、可控制的