Chapter1 Structural Mechanics.pptVIP

Chapter1 Structural Mechanics 2.Structural Stability A fundamental consideration in designing is that of assuring stability under any type of possible loading conditions. 设计时的一个基本考虑是确保结构在任何可能荷载条件下的稳定性。 All structures undergo some shape changes under load. 所有结构在荷载作用下均会产生形状的变化。 In a stable structure the deformations induced by the load are typically small, and internal force generated in the action of the load tend to restore the structure to its original shape after the load has been removed. 在一个稳定结构中，由荷载产生的变形通常很小，当卸载后，由荷载作用产生的内力常常致力于使结构恢复原状。 In a unstable structure the deformations induced by a load are typically massive, and often tend to continue increasing as long as the load is applied. 在一个不稳定结构中，由荷载产生的变形通常很大，并常常持续增加，在荷载作用下。 An unstable structure does not generate internal force s that tend to restore the structure to its original configuration（形状，外形）。 一个不稳定结构不会产生使其恢复原状的内力。 Un stable structures often quite often collapse completely and instantaneously（瞬间的） as a load is applied to them. 当施加荷载时，不稳定结构常常会瞬间全部倒塌。 It is the fundamental responsibility of the structural designer to assure that a proposed structure does indeed form a stable configuration. 结构设计师的基本责任就是要保证一个建议结构确实形成一个稳定结构。 Stability is a crucial（关键的） issue in the design of structures that are assembling of discrete elements. 互不联系的构建组合而成的结构在设计时稳定性是一个关键问题。 For example, the post-and-beam structure illustrated in Figure 1.2a is apparently table. 例如，图1.2所示的梁柱结构明显是稳定的。 Any horizontal force ,however tends to cause deformations of the type indicated in Figure 1.2b. 任何水平力常引起图1.2b所示的变形。 Clearly ,the structure has no capacity to resist horizontal load ,nor does it have any mechanism that tends to restore its original shape after the horizontal load is removed. 明显的，这种结构没有抵抗水平荷载的能力，也没有任何卸掉水平荷载后使其恢复原状的构造。 The large changes in angle that occur between members characterize an unstable structure that is beginning to collapse. 发生在各杆件之间的大角度变化是一个不稳定结构开始倒塌的特征。 This particular structure will collapse instantaneously under lo