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ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY
27 Environmental Microbiology Microbes live in a variety of habitats because of their abilities to Use a variety of carbon and energy sources. Grow under different physical conditions. Extremophiles live in extreme pH Temperature Salinity Mycorrhizae Fungi living in close association with plant roots Extend surface area of roots Commercial Uses of Mycorrhizae The Carbon Cycle The Nitrogen Cycle Nitrogen Cycle Formation of a Root Nodule Sulfur Cycle Life without Sunshine Primary producers in most ecosystems are photoautotrophs. Life without Sunshine Primary producers in deep ocean and endolithic communities are chemoautotrophic bacteria. Life without Sunshine Primary producers in deep ocean and endolithic communities are chemoautotrophic bacteria. Degradation of Synthetic Chemicals Natural organic matter is easily degraded by microbes. Xenobiotics are resistant to degradation. Decomposition by Microbes Decomposition by Microbes Bioremediation: Use of microbes to detoxify or degrade pollutants; enhanced by nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer. Bioaugmentation: Addition of specific microbes to degrade of pollutant. Composting: Arranging organic waste to promote microbial degradation. Decomposition by Microbes 27 Environmental Microbiology Biofilms Freshwater Zonation Bioluminescence Water Quality Microbes are filtered from water that percolates into groundwater. Some pathogens are transmitted to human in drinking and recreational water. Resistant chemicals may be concentrated in the aquatic food chain. Mercury is metabolized by certain bacteria into a soluble compound, concentrated in animals. Waterborne Diseases Waterborne Diseases 27 Environmental Microbiology Algal Blooms Pollutants (nutrients) may cause algal blooms. Algal blooms lead to eutrophication. Coliforms Aerobic or facultatively anaerobic, gram-negative, non–endospore forming rods that ferment lactose to acid plus gas within 48 hours, at 35°C. Indicator organisms Used to detect fecal contamination. MPN: Most
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