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* Wax 金根洙 content ⊙ Wax Blooming ⊙ What is Wax ⊙ Evaluation of changing wax type Wax Types Animal Beewax Vegetable Carnauba/Candelilla Mineral Ozokeritc Petroleum Paraffin Micro Synthetic FT,PE,PP ＞95% of wax is petroleum derived Crude oil Storage Crude tank bottoms Residual tank bottoms Microcrystalline wax Separation Separation De-oiling Kerosene Gas oil Gasoline Vacuum distillation Distillation Intermediate distillate Light use distillate Residual lube stock Medium lube slack wax Light lube slack wax Petrolatum or residual slack wax Microcrystalline wax Intermediate wax Paraffin wax De-oiling De-oiling Dewaxing Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the way wax is extruded from crude oil Atmos. Distillation De-oiling Dewaxing Dewaxing PRODUCTION OF PETROLEUM WAXES Physical Properties of Wax All petroleum derived waxes are complex mixtures of many different hydrocarbons. Each individual component possesses its own melting point, viscosity, penetration, etc. The physical properties of a wax are an average of the physical properties of all of these components. Physical Characteristics Paraffin Wax Translucent Brittle Low melting Crystalline Glossy Microcrystalline Opaque Flexible Higher melting Amorphous Adhesive Paraffin wax could be called Macrocrystalline Wax Paraffin Intermediate Microcrystalline waxes are all fully saturated hydrocarbon mixtures with the formula: CnH2n+2 The simplest paraffin or “alkane” is METHANE with the molecular formula CH4, i.e. one carbon atom combined with 4 Hydrogen atoms Methane is a gas at normal temperatures The next member of the “alkane” series with two carbon atoms is ethane, followed by propane, butane and pentane with 3, 4, and 5 carbon atoms. These hydrocarbons are gases at room temperature but easily liquefied under pressure (L.P.G.) Alkanes with 6 - 16 carbon atoms are typically liqui