CEMENT.pptVIP

CEMENT Stephanie M. Murillo Maikut INTRODUCTION Definition: “Cement is a crystalline compound of calcium silicates and other calcium compounds having hydraulic properties” (Macfadyen, 2006). * * /~bogdan/photo-albums/poland-poznan/square-town-houses.jpg /images/inner/projects/gemini.jpg History Lime and clay have been used as cementing material on constructions through many centuries. Romans are commonly given the credit for the development of hydraulic cement, the most significant incorporation of the Roman’s was the use of pozzolan-lime cement by mixing volcanic ash from the Mt. Vesuvius with lime. Best know surviving example is the Pantheon in Rome In 1824 Joseph Aspdin from England invented the Portland cement (/NZ/EN/id/71772/mod/gnm20/page/editorial.htm) (/of/2005/1152/2005-1152.pdf) /artchive/r/roman/roman_pantheon.jpg Cements are considered hydraulic because of their ability to set and harden under or with excess water through the hydration of the cement’s chemical compounds or minerals There are two types: Those that activate with the addition of water And pozzolanic that develop hydraulic properties when the interact with hydrated lime Ca(OH)2 Pozzolanic: any siliceous material that develops hydraulic cementitious properties when interacted with hydrated lime. HYDRAULIC CEMENTS: Hydraulic lime: Only used in specialized mortars. Made from calcination of clay-rich limestones. Natural cements: Misleadingly called Roman. It is made from argillaceous limestones or interbedded limestone and clay or shale, with few raw materials. Because they were found to be inferior to portland, most plants switched. (/of/2005/1152/2005-1152.pdf) Types of Cement Portland cement: Artificial cement. Made by the mixing clinker with gypsum in a 95:5 ratio. Portland-limestone cements: Large amounts (6% to 35%) of ground limestone have been added as a filler to a portland cement base. Blended cements: Mix of portland cement with one or more SCM (suppl