施万喜“西峰号”小麦品种的选育及持续旱作育种途径探讨张.docVIP

形式审查通过 农艺科学 基金项目：甘肃省科技攻关项目“高产优质冬小麦新品种选育”（GS012-41-033）。 第一作者简介：施万喜，男，1965年出生，副研究员，主要从事小麦遗传育种工作。通信地址：745000 甘肃西峰陇东学院农林科技学院（新校区）。Tel：座机电话号码，E-mail：shwx65@163.com。 收稿日期：2007-03-16，修回日期：2007-03-29。 “西峰号”小麦品种的选育及持续旱作育种途径探讨 施万喜 （陇东学院农林科技学院，甘肃西峰 745000） 摘 要：50多年来，陇东地区共培育和推广了127个优良冬小麦新品种，实现了六次小麦品种更新换代。育成的主要品种遗传基础包含了地方品种白齐麦、山西小白麦，碧蚂4号、农大183以及国外种质钱交麦、新乌克兰83、苏联早熟1号、早洋麦三大基因群。产量持续提高，90年代比80年代产量提高了19.98%，比50年代提高了55.27%；单位面积有效穗数是陇东地区冬小麦产量三要素的主导因素；穗粒数的变化趋势和成穗数基本一致；千粒重不断提高，近期比90年代产量提高了14.78%，比50年代提高了57.14%；收获系数的提高是不同年代冬小麦新品种产量提高的主要来源。加强旱作种质资源的评判、筛选和创造是提高持续旱作育种效率的关键。 关键词：陇东；冬小麦；“西峰号”；品种改良；育种途径 中图分类号文献标识码Xifeng symbol”Wheat variety seed selection and Discussion route about Continuously Breeding Shi Wanxi College of Agronomy A＆F Longdong University, Xifeng, Gansu 745000 Abstract: For over 50 years, the east area of Gansu Province has cultivated and popularized the new variety of 127 new winter wheat recommended variety together, have realized six wheat varieties are updated. Main variety hereditary foundation that breed include three major genes group. The three major genes group include local variety Baiqi wheat, Shanxi Xiaobai wheat, Bima 4, Agricultural University No. 183, and foreign variety Qianjiao wheat, new Ukraine No.83,early-maturing No.1of Russian, Zaoyang wheat. The output was improved continuously.In the 1990s the output was improved by 19.98% than the 1980s , and improved by 55.27% than the 1950s. It is the leading factors of three key elements in output of winter wheat that counted of available spica in per unit of area on east area in Gansu Province, It is basically identical that variation tendency about counted seed of per spica and counted of earbearing tiller; The thousand-grain weight are improving constantly in recently, output raise 14.78% than 1990s, raise 57.14% than 1950s, The output raise of various years winter wheat new variety main source that improvement to harvest of coefficient. The key of improvement to continuously breeding efficiency by droug