7影响线2.pptVIP

* 影响线的概念 the concept of influence line 目的：解决移动荷载作用下结构的内力计算问题。 purpose: solve the problem of internal calculation under the function of load 内容： content 1）在移动荷载作用下结构内力变化规律和范围； internal force variation rule and scale under the function of movable load 2）确定内力的最大值及相应的荷载位置——最不利荷载位置。confirm the maximum of internal force and relevant load position —— the most unfavorable load position 当单位荷载（P=1）在结构上移动时，表示结构某一指定截面中某项内力变化规律的曲线，称为该项内力的影响线。 one curve that expresses variation rule of some internal force in an appointed section of structure when element load moves on the structure, called the influence line of the internal force 定义：definition P=1 x l A B 1 1 C a b 1 1 b a 1、先按直接荷载作用画出内力影响线； draw influence line of internal force with direct load 2、投影各结点与影响线相交，各交点间连以直线。intersect the projection of various joint and influence line, line among joints P=1 l=4d A B C D E I.L QD 1 1 I.L MD 结点荷载作用下的影响线the influence line under the function of joint load §7-5 机动法作影响线 influence line of kinematical method 理论基础：虚位移原理。 theory base: virtual displacement principle 特 点：把作影响线的静力问题化为作位移图的几 何问题。 characteristic: change static problem with influence line to geometric problem with displacement picture 优 点：不经计算可以得到影响线的形状。 merit: influence line shape without calculation 设体系上作用任意的平衡力系，又设体系发生符合约束的无限小刚体体系位移，则主动力在位移上所作的虚功总和恒等于零。 Suppose it is arbitrary equilibrium force system, and system occurs infinitesimal rigid system displacement which accords to restriction, the summation of virtual work which principle power work on displacement is identical to zero. 虚功原理: virtual principle 步 骤： step 1、将与待求影响线的内力对应的约束拆除，代之以内力；（原结构变成可变机构） remove the restriction which the internal force of ready solving influence line corresponds to with internal force (original structure change to alterable structure) 2、令可变机构在内力正方向上发生单位位移，构造符合约束条件的刚体体系位移； element displacement of alterable machine occurs in the positive direction of internal force, rigid system displacement of machine corresponds to restri