浅论《资本论》的当代价值(精选).docVIP

“自由交换-掠夺”视野下《资本论》的理论与实践价值 ——基于“人性”的政治经济学探索 刘志广* （上海行政学院经济学教研部，200233） [内容摘要] 人具有自由交换和掠夺两种自然倾向，而且掠夺的存在导致社会和谐机制面目全非。政治经济学的主要任务之一，就是要研究社会当中存在的各种掠夺及如何限制和取消掠夺以保护自由交换。《资本论》对资本主义社会经济运动规律的研究建立在若干假定基础之上，是对资本主义纯粹类型“片面但深刻”的研究，其真正的价值在于揭示了自由交换之下仍然存在由于生产资料私人占有而导致的掠夺，从而构成对“自由交换-掠夺”二元分析框架的发展。但自由交换下存在的掠夺和与自由交换相对立的掠夺相比具有历史进步性，因此，对于很多国家来说，当前主要的使命不是限制或取消自由交换下的掠夺，而是限制或取消与自由交换相对立的掠夺，为了实现这一目标，甚至还要利用自由交换下的掠夺。如果我们需要理解马克思在《资本论》中所揭示的资本主义经济运行规律，我们就必须首先理解马克思在分析纯粹资本主义时所提出的相关假定。简而言之，如果我们要坚持马克思主义，就必须坚决反对、坚持限制和取消特权及其带来的掠夺。 [关键词]《资本论》 自由交换 掠夺 特权 A Comment on the theory and practice Value of Marx’s “Capital” in the framework of “exchange-predation” A preliminary political economy research on human nature Zhiguang Liu Department of Economics and Management, Shanghai Administration Institute, 200233 Abstract There are two human natures in one people: exchange and predation. And for the predation, the harmonious systems of the social lose its identity. So one of the main tasks of political economy is to research where predations exist and how to restrict or cancel the predations. The capitalist in Marx抯 揅apital?is an ideal type, which is abstracted on many hypotheses. So the conclusions on capitalist in Marx抯 揅apital?are deeply but lopsidedly. Its great value is that 揅apital?brfor the ings the truth to light, which there still are predations under free exchange. The predation under free exchange is progressive in history than the predation against free exchange. For many countries, their main historical mission in present era is to restrict or abolish the predation against free exchange, not the predation under free exchange. If we want understand the motive rule of Capitalist economy which was revealed by Marx in his 揅apital? first of all we should understand the hypotheses in 揅thaapital”. If we want develop Marxism economy theory, we should define our hypotheses above all. And if we want truly persist Marxism, the privileges and the predation under it should be restricted and a