新版轮机英语unit18_air_conditioning_system.ppt

Lesson 18 Air conditioning system Ships travel the world and are therefore subject to various climatic(气候） conditions. The crew of the ship must be provided with reasonable conditions in which to work regardless of the weather. Temperature alone is not a sufficient measure of conditions acceptable to the human body. Relative humidity in conjunction with（与…协力） temperature more truly determines the environment for human comfort(人体). Relative humidity, expressed as a percentage, is the ratio of the water vapour pressure in the air tested, to saturated（饱和的） vapour pressure of air at the same temperature. The fact that less water can be absorbed as air is cooled and more can be absorbed when it is heated is the major consideration in air conditioning system design. Other factors are the nearness（靠近） of heat sources, exposure to sunlight, sources of cold and the insulation（绝热） provided around the space. (Fig.18-1) Air conditioning system aims to provide a comfortable working environment regardless of outside conditions. Satisfactory air treatment must involve a relatively “closed” system where the air is circulated and returned. However, some air is “consumed” by humans and some machinery so there is a requirement for renewal（补充）. Public rooms and accommodation (住处) will operate with a reduced percentage of air renewal since the conditioning cost of 100% renewal would be considerable. Air conditioning systems fall into two main classes: individual unit systems(独立空调系统) in which each room contains its own small refrigeration plant and fan and air cooler; and central systems, where larger refrigeration machinery units are installed and their output distributed about the ship by a variety of means. Self-contained units are noisier than central systems, require more maintenance and have been found to have a relatively short life (about 7 years.) The single duct system(单风管系统） only allows for adjustment of temperature in each room by the occupant（居住者） manually controlling the