电子科大计算机网络第四章.ppt

三种交换结构 Routers: Low/Middle Performance Router: High-Performance Router Inside Cisco 2600 COM Port Router Organization CISCO Routers Internet inter-AS routing: BGP BGP (Border Gateway Protocol): the de facto standard BGP provides each AS a means to: Obtain subnet reachability information from neighboring ASs. Propagate reachability information to all AS-internal routers. Determine “good” routes to subnets based on reachability information and policy. allows subnet to advertise its existence to rest of Internet: “I am here” BGP basics pairs of routers (BGP peers) exchange routing info over semi-permanent TCP connections: BGP sessions BGP sessions need not correspond to physical links. when AS2 advertises prefix to AS1: AS2 promises it will forward any addresses datagrams towards that prefix. AS2 can aggregate prefixes in its advertisement Distributing reachability info using eBGP session between 3a and 1c, AS3 sends prefix reachability info to AS1. 1c can then use iBGP do distribute new prefix info to all routers in AS1 1b can then re-advertise new reachability info to AS2 over 1b-to-2a eBGP session when router learns of new prefix, creates entry for prefix in its forwarding table. Path attributes BGP routes advertised prefix includes BGP attributes. prefix + attributes = “route” two important attributes: AS-PATH: contains ASs through which prefix advertisement has passed: e.g, AS 67, AS 17 NEXT-HOP: indicates specific internal-AS router to next-hop AS. (may be multiple links from current AS to next-hop-AS) when gateway router receives route advertisement, uses import policy to accept/decline. BGP route selection router may learn about more than 1 route to some prefix. Router must select route. elimination rules: local preference value attribute: policy decision shortest AS-PATH closest NEXT-HOP router: hot potato routing additional criteria BGP messages BGP messages exchanged using TCP. BGP messages: OPEN: opens TCP connection to peer and authenticates sen