总统和国会外交权之争——从威尔逊和洛奇说起.pdfVIP

Abs仃act It is always one controversial issue that who，the President or Congress，controls the Foreign policy of the United States．Even the dispute between President Wilson and Senator Lodge was so typical on the Leagne ofNations’establishment，itjust revealed a tip oficeberg ofthe U．S．diplomatic struggle for power． Because behind the contradictions of Wilson and Lodge，the principle of Separation of Power and the Checks and Balances is the real protagonist．So no matter how powerful leadership and political skills the politicians have，they are also limited by the constitutional principles，serving for political party,affected by interest groups and guided by conception．Besides，after going through various complicated struggle，the President and Senators have tO wield power through executive and legislative authorities．Finally these powers will still return to political system，and accept what decided by the principle of Separation of Power and the Checks and Balances． Actually,the dispute between Wilson and Lodge was changed witll the changes of their attitude to the League of Nations．Initially both of them held a positive attitude．The difference is，Wilson consistently adhered to his opinion but Lodge suddenly changed his mind in the early 1 9 1 7．He thought United States involvement in the struggle between nations would lUll OUt of its strength．After Wilson had submitted the plan to establish League of Nations，Lodge fully used the authority of his President position in the Council on Foreign Relations，tO delay this establishment plan for 2 months，which helped Republican intransigents and the conservative win time tO perform propaganda attack to Wilson’S plan．Compared tO Lodge’S aggressive attack，Wilson。S coping strategies was not mature enough，which led tO the plan’S failure． In the establishment struggle of the Leagne of Nations，Wilson and Rocky are key figure rather than the dominant factor．The contradictions between executive and legislative authorities are caused by tw